Acid-Base Properties - Acids, Bases & Salts Video Lecture - Class 10

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hi guys so let's do some discussion of
acids and bases and let's just start
with the basic properties of what is an
acid and what is a base so an acid is a
substance that ionizes in aqueous
solutions to form hydrogen ions which we
write as h plus and thereby it increases
the concentration of protons in solution
on the other hand a base is a substance
that accepts or reacts with protons in
aqueous solution and therefore it
produces hydroxide ions so you'll notice
here remember protons have a plus one
charge and hydroxide ions have a minus
one charge so there are two different
types of acids and bases we can talk
about someone named Arrhenius or we can
talk about the bronsted-lowry acid based
definition so let's do a Rania's first
so this is kind of a more old-school
definition and it's limited because it
only applies in aqueous solutions which
doesn't make it applicable to all
situations so an Arrhenius acid is a
substance that when dissolved in water
increases the concentration of protons
in solution conversely the base is a
substance that when dissolved in water
increases the concentration of hydroxide
ions in solution
okay so when remember that with
Arrhenius it only applies to aqueous
solutions and it deals with for the acid
the increase in concentration of protons
and for the base the increase in the
concentration of hydroxide ions so now
let's move and talk about bronsted-lowry
it's a little more applicable to more
situations so a bronsted-lowry acid is a
substance that can donate a proton to
another substance so we call that a
proton donor the base is a substance
that can accept the proton and so we
call that a proton acceptor so
bronsted-lowry is applicable to a lot
more real-world situations and it's
defined by whether or not the acid is
the proton donor and the base is the
proton acceptor similar to when we were
talking about oxidation reduction
reactions
these things happen together you have a
proton donor you must have a proton
acceptor so molecules of different acids
can ionize to form different numbers of
protons remember that when I say
something ionizes I'm saying that it
breaks up into its respective plus and
minus ionic species so for example we
have here HCl and hno3 so hydrochloric
acid and nitric acid two strong acids
very common and you see that each have
one proton so we call those monoprotic
acids mono meaning one proton that can
be donated to the solution so these guys
yield one proton per molecule of acid on
the other side you could have a diprotic
acid
so here it's sulfuric acid which is h2
so4 which means it's got two protons to
donate to solution so diprotic acid die
for two and it yields two protons per
molecule of acid you can go up and up
there's h3po4 various different types of
acids but just so you know here these
are the two most common that you'll
probably come in contact with in your
early chemistry days and that's pretty
much the basic properties of acids and
bases
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