Back-End Programming Exam > Back-End Programming Videos > Kotlin Tutorial for Beginners: Learn Kotlin in easy language > #3.3 Kotlin Basics and Syntax: FUNCTIONS CLASS & STRING INTERPOLATION Part-3
#3.3 Kotlin Basics and Syntax: FUNCTIONS CLASS & STRING INTERPOLATION Part-3 Video Lecture | Kotlin Tutorial for Beginners: Learn Kotlin in easy language - Back-End Programming
FAQs on #3.3 Kotlin Basics and Syntax: FUNCTIONS CLASS & STRING INTERPOLATION Part-3 Video Lecture - Kotlin Tutorial for Beginners: Learn Kotlin in easy language - Back-End Programming
| 1. What is a function in Kotlin and how is it defined? |  |
Ans. In Kotlin, a function is a block of code that performs a specific task. It can be defined using the keyword "fun" followed by the function name, parentheses for parameters (if any), and a return type (if any). For example:
```
fun functionName(parameter1: Type, parameter2: Type): ReturnType {
// function body
return result
}
```
| 2. How can I define a class in Kotlin? | |
Ans. To define a class in Kotlin, you can use the keyword "class" followed by the class name and an optional constructor. The class body is enclosed in curly braces {}. For example:
```
class ClassName {
// class properties and methods
}
```
You can also define a constructor inside the class declaration:
```
class ClassName(parameter1: Type, parameter2: Type) {
// constructor body
}
```
| 3. What is string interpolation in Kotlin? | |
Ans. String interpolation in Kotlin allows you to embed expressions inside string literals. It is done by using the "$" symbol followed by the expression inside curly braces {}. The value of the expression is evaluated and substituted into the string at runtime. For example:
```
val name = "John"
val age = 25
val message = "My name is $name and I am $age years old."
```
In the above example, the variables `name` and `age` are interpolated into the string `message`.
| 4. How can I concatenate strings in Kotlin? | |
Ans. In Kotlin, you can concatenate strings using the "+" operator or the "plus()" function. For example:
```
val str1 = "Hello"
val str2 = "World"
val result = str1 + str2 // using the "+" operator
val result2 = str1.plus(str2) // using the "plus()" function
```
Both the above examples will result in the concatenated string "HelloWorld".
| 5. Can I pass a function as a parameter to another function in Kotlin? | |
Ans. Yes, Kotlin supports higher-order functions, which means you can pass functions as parameters to other functions. This allows for more flexibility and code reusability. To pass a function as a parameter, you can define the parameter type as a function type. For example:
```
fun performOperation(operation: (Int, Int) -> Int) {
// function body
}
fun add(a: Int, b: Int): Int {
return a + b
}
// Passing the "add" function as a parameter
performOperation(::add)
```
In the above example, the function `performOperation` takes a function type `(Int, Int) -> Int` as a parameter, and we pass the `add` function as an argument using the `::` operator.
Text Transcript from Video
and now proceeding forward here let us
remove all this code and let us explore
more now suppose we want to print your
let's say name so here I will simply
define where space name equal to let's
say Steve now let us try something
different let's say where space name :
of the type of string and later on let
us use name equal to Steve and here let
us print the name and now let us run the
code so in the output we get Steve right
now suppose I want to print this name
with the help of some with the help of
some function defined inside the my
first file dot K T so here down the side
I will simply create one more function
by using the keyboard of a few n let's
say display use the bracket open and
close and define the method body now
inside this let us use print and here
let us print Steve now my objective is
that I want to pass this value here
inside the display method so for that
what I will do I will simply define a
variable let's say name colon then
string now in cortland in order to
define any variable along with the data
type the syntax is this first you need
to define the variable name followed by
colon and then define the data type so
here instead of printing the Steve
directly we can simply print out name
and now here let us replace this
statement by display and then simply
pass named variable so when this
statement will be executed in the run
time this steve value which is present
here will fall here and henceforth it
will be printed inside the display
method let us now run our code so here
we get steve in the output console
pretty simple now instead of this
function suppose if i want to create a
class and put this function within that
class then how to do it so for that what
I will do here down the side I will
simply create my class class space let's
say percent followed by brackets open
enclose and inside this class of person
I will simply cut this method from here
and paste it within this person class
now to access this method we have to
create the object of this class person
as we all are aware of this right so
here let us remove all this code so here
whatever I do here I will simply create
let's say where space person let's say
object equal to percent now if you
notice in case of Kotlin we don't have
any new keyword compared to java where
we use to use the new keyword to create
any object right so this will simply
create the new object of the type of
person and now down the side you can
simply access this display method by
using person object dot display right
and then simply pass name as a parameter
and now then we will run the code then
when this statement will be executed
this function will be called present
inside the class person and hence this
code will be executed that will simply
display Steve in the output so let us
now run our code so here again we get
Steve in the output now let us
generalize more now suppose I want this
name variable to be defined inside the
class person so the syntax is very
simple here again let us define where
space name followed by colon of the type
of string so we define the name variable
of the type of string right and now here
it says the property must be initialized
or be abstract let us give it an initial
value of let's say a blank string and
now at the top let us remove these two
lines of code and then what I will do is
I will simply remove again this line of
code and then use person object dot
let's say name equal to Steve right now
suppose if I change this where' to well
that it will simply show this error here
because the value of this name cannot be
changed if we are using the Val keyword
right so
always remember this so let us change it
back to where and now the name becomes
Steve now here what I will do I will
simply call the display method person
object dot display and simply pass name
as a parameter but here this name should
be used with the help of person object
dot name and now let us run the code so
in the output again we get Steve here
right so our code is now working
perfectly fine now what if I tell you
that instead of passing the name here
let us simply remove this from here and
now also let us remove this display
method from here and now here let us
print this name which is actually this
name present here which is actually the
field variable of the class of person
right so let us now run our code so
again Steve in the output so everything
is working perfectly fine and this video
is just meant to make you more
comfortable with the Cortland language
we will explore each and every concept
in detail in our upcoming modules so
please do not worry about it
if you are unable to understand some
concepts right in this video
and now let us try something different
let us do one thing let us remove this
method display and now what I will do is
suppose here I want to print the Steve
name inside the main method so for that
I will simply use the print method and
then I will simply use the name of the
person is give it a space and then use
plus symbol and then simply use person
object dot name and then simply run the
code so in the output we get the person
the name of the person is Steve right
and now this is a usual syntax that I
have followed here which is also being
followed in case of Java C programming
or C++ programming now in cortland we
have the concept of string interpolation
where what you will do you can simply
cut it from here and paste it within the
double quote and now to make the
compiler understand that we have to
extract the value out of this named
variable so for that we have to simply
use the curly brackets here and also
here and then use the dollar sign here
so this will simply make the compiler
understand that he has to extract the
value from the person object dot name
and put it right within the codes so let
us now run our code
so here again we get the output the name
of the person is Steve right now suppose
if I remove the curly bracket from here
and also from here then the compiler
will simply understand that this string
interpolation has been applied to this
object not this name right so let us now
run the code and see the output so here
we get something weird output person
adds the rate something like that dot
name so the compiler simply understand
that you have to give the value for this
person object which is actually which is
basically the address of this person
object so here make sure you always use
the curly bracket open and close at the
end to print the value of name in the
output right
remove all this code and let us explore
more now suppose we want to print your
let's say name so here I will simply
define where space name equal to let's
say Steve now let us try something
different let's say where space name :
of the type of string and later on let
us use name equal to Steve and here let
us print the name and now let us run the
code so in the output we get Steve right
now suppose I want to print this name
with the help of some with the help of
some function defined inside the my
first file dot K T so here down the side
I will simply create one more function
by using the keyboard of a few n let's
say display use the bracket open and
close and define the method body now
inside this let us use print and here
let us print Steve now my objective is
that I want to pass this value here
inside the display method so for that
what I will do I will simply define a
variable let's say name colon then
string now in cortland in order to
define any variable along with the data
type the syntax is this first you need
to define the variable name followed by
colon and then define the data type so
here instead of printing the Steve
directly we can simply print out name
and now here let us replace this
statement by display and then simply
pass named variable so when this
statement will be executed in the run
time this steve value which is present
here will fall here and henceforth it
will be printed inside the display
method let us now run our code so here
we get steve in the output console
pretty simple now instead of this
function suppose if i want to create a
class and put this function within that
class then how to do it so for that what
I will do here down the side I will
simply create my class class space let's
say percent followed by brackets open
enclose and inside this class of person
I will simply cut this method from here
and paste it within this person class
now to access this method we have to
create the object of this class person
as we all are aware of this right so
here let us remove all this code so here
whatever I do here I will simply create
let's say where space person let's say
object equal to percent now if you
notice in case of Kotlin we don't have
any new keyword compared to java where
we use to use the new keyword to create
any object right so this will simply
create the new object of the type of
person and now down the side you can
simply access this display method by
using person object dot display right
and then simply pass name as a parameter
and now then we will run the code then
when this statement will be executed
this function will be called present
inside the class person and hence this
code will be executed that will simply
display Steve in the output so let us
now run our code so here again we get
Steve in the output now let us
generalize more now suppose I want this
name variable to be defined inside the
class person so the syntax is very
simple here again let us define where
space name followed by colon of the type
of string so we define the name variable
of the type of string right and now here
it says the property must be initialized
or be abstract let us give it an initial
value of let's say a blank string and
now at the top let us remove these two
lines of code and then what I will do is
I will simply remove again this line of
code and then use person object dot
let's say name equal to Steve right now
suppose if I change this where' to well
that it will simply show this error here
because the value of this name cannot be
changed if we are using the Val keyword
right so
always remember this so let us change it
back to where and now the name becomes
Steve now here what I will do I will
simply call the display method person
object dot display and simply pass name
as a parameter but here this name should
be used with the help of person object
dot name and now let us run the code so
in the output again we get Steve here
right so our code is now working
perfectly fine now what if I tell you
that instead of passing the name here
let us simply remove this from here and
now also let us remove this display
method from here and now here let us
print this name which is actually this
name present here which is actually the
field variable of the class of person
right so let us now run our code so
again Steve in the output so everything
is working perfectly fine and this video
is just meant to make you more
comfortable with the Cortland language
we will explore each and every concept
in detail in our upcoming modules so
please do not worry about it
if you are unable to understand some
concepts right in this video
and now let us try something different
let us do one thing let us remove this
method display and now what I will do is
suppose here I want to print the Steve
name inside the main method so for that
I will simply use the print method and
then I will simply use the name of the
person is give it a space and then use
plus symbol and then simply use person
object dot name and then simply run the
code so in the output we get the person
the name of the person is Steve right
and now this is a usual syntax that I
have followed here which is also being
followed in case of Java C programming
or C++ programming now in cortland we
have the concept of string interpolation
where what you will do you can simply
cut it from here and paste it within the
double quote and now to make the
compiler understand that we have to
extract the value out of this named
variable so for that we have to simply
use the curly brackets here and also
here and then use the dollar sign here
so this will simply make the compiler
understand that he has to extract the
value from the person object dot name
and put it right within the codes so let
us now run our code
so here again we get the output the name
of the person is Steve right now suppose
if I remove the curly bracket from here
and also from here then the compiler
will simply understand that this string
interpolation has been applied to this
object not this name right so let us now
run the code and see the output so here
we get something weird output person
adds the rate something like that dot
name so the compiler simply understand
that you have to give the value for this
person object which is actually which is
basically the address of this person
object so here make sure you always use
the curly bracket open and close at the
end to print the value of name in the
output right
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Oct 24, 2024 Last updated |
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