Italian Course Beginner Series Lesson 40: The Present Perfect Video Lecture | Learn Italian Language: For Beginners and Travellers

hello and welcome to another video
tutorial with claudio today we do
present perfect now the present perfect
is basically I have done something in
English so this is what it looks like in
English and it doesn't matter what verb
you use even if it's the verb to have or
the verb to be you always have your
subject the verb to have conjugated in
the right way and then you have the past
participle of the verb that you want to
have in the present perfect
what is the past participle now for
instance the verb to go goes go went
gone and gone is the form that you need
ok and it's the same for all the
different persons like a second person
plural first person singular it doesn't
matter you always have the same form ok
so it's really easy and basically the
verb to go in English is also regular
for the regular verbs it's even easier
all the regular verbs go swim swim swim
so it's very easy to make the present
perfect is used for when an action or a
process is not completely finished okay
so we're not talking about the past
simple in this in this video we're
talking about the present perfect so
it's still present so I have done
something it's still going on so I have
finished dinner yes I've just finished
it but I'm still in the process of
having to finish so I'm still having
dinner right now in this very moment and
it's when an action that began in the
past has still consequences on you know
the present so this is when you use the
present perfect in English now you may
wonder so
why are you spending so much time
teaching me my own language well the
thing is in Italian you use the present
perfect in a different way for some
reason in Italian in the South people do
exactly what they do in English so they
use the past simple when you have to use
the past simple and they use the present
perfect when you have to use the present
perfect in the north you know on TV
people have stopped using the past
simple because it's not simple it's very
difficult so people have stopped using
it people stopped using the past simple
therefore they use the present perfect
for actions that are finished already
for instance yesterday I went to the
beach people would say in Italian
yesterday I have gone to the beach they
always use the present perfect this is a
bit confusing because you're not used to
this but you know it might grow your
brain of something and also it's easier
from another point of view because
you're gonna have to worry just about
one tense now in the beginner series I
won't teach the present I'm sorry the
past simple I won't teach it the present
perfect in Italian basically it's used
for pretty much every situation that has
some link to the past now the good news
is that it's very similar to the English
one so you add the verb to have which
we've already covered if you don't know
the verb to have and the verb to be go
and watch the videos right now and come
back so we use the verb to have
conjugated in the right person for
instance I have eaten
yo yo means I then have conjugated in
the first person singular because you
are doing the action of having eaten so
I have here are and then the past
participle
now how do you make the past participle
now we've said that in English it's very
easy in Italian it's just as easy if you
have a verb for instance the verb to eat
mange mange what do you do well we
separate the stem which is the root of
the verb from the ending how do you
realize what the ending is well the
ending can either be a de la or either
in Italian so ar e e ar e or IR e okay
it's either this one that one or the
other one it can't be anything else so
we take the verb in its infinitive form
and we take the stem separate it from
the ending and the ending will tell us
what kind of verb this is and this is
indeed an added type verb so we take the
stem
Manji and what we do is we bring it all
the way over here and here you go we
have the past participle of the verb to
eat Mankato so all you have to take away
from this video relay and take notes of
is this table that basically enables you
to create the past participle out of any
verb in Italian man giotto and then
after you have this all you do is you
take the verb and you bring it over here
okay so we have the subject we have the
verb to be all the verb to have in this
case the verb to have and then the past
participle of the verb that you need in
the present perfect so I have eaten yo
ah
Manjit now why do you think I would ever
confuse you by putting the
to be here as well well in Italian it's
just not as easy as it is in English
meaning you don't always have the
subject plus the verb to have plus a
verb in the past participle in Italian
sometimes you use the verb to be instead
of the verb to have as auxiliary verb so
instead of saying I have gone you say I
am gone okay I know it's very confusing
but this is the way it is so for the
majority of the verbs in Italian it's
exactly the same as in English and if
you're not sure then go for to have so
subject plus the verb to have plus the
verb that you need in the present
perfect and that verb has to be in the
past participle end of the story
now the complication and the added level
of complexity to this is that for some
particular verbs and now we're going to
have a look at what verbs you have the
verb to be as obsolete verb as opposed
to the verb to have if you want to have
one of the walking verbs the so called
walking verbs in the past participle on
that all the transitioning verbs then
you need to use the verb to be as
auxiliary verb for instance the verb to
go the verb to come back the verb to
leave the verb to arrive all these verbs
are called walking verbs or
transitioning verbs because they involve
movement and you know walking so going
from one place to another either as a
figure of speech or literally so all
these verbs need the verb to be if it's
a normal verb like to sleep dormire
Koller are a two-color parlor to speak
mangiare to eat is if it's any other
verb then you have no problem so you
have your subject the verb to have
conjugator in the present
tense and the verb that you need in
present perfect in its past participle
form you come back home okay you're in a
host family and you want to say we have
arrived okay it's you and a friend so we
have arrived how do you say we have
arrived in Italian well easy first of
all we need the verb to arrive the verb
to arrive is re vada and you can find it
in the dictionary of course you will
find it in its infinitive form and
that's exactly the form that we need we
realize that it's an edit type verb so
what we do is we basically pick the stem
and we bring it all the way over here
why here and not there because it's a
narrow type verb first thing second
thing would pick the past participle of
the verb to have I'm sorry to arrive and
we place it over here at this point all
we've got left to do is to decide
whether we use to have or to be well to
arrive is a verb that involves some kind
of transition some kind of movement we
is know siamo is the right conjugation
the right conjugation that we need so
noise
siamo are rubato now why is it still
wrong it's still wrong because this is
plural now yo I so I you he she these
are called
first second and third person singular
because it's just one person no boy
Laura so we you and they but you for
multiple people these are called first
second and third person plural because
they involve multiple people okay we you
all they if it's plural if the person
doing the action of being arrived
is plural if the person is plural then
we need the past participle in its
plural form how do we make the plural
form of the past participle
well we change the ending the ending is
oh it will become I that's it this is
another complication that you have with
the past participle so you've got to be
careful for instance we've seen that
with the gerund we didn't have any
problem with the past participle
unfortunately or fortunately depending
on the point of view you have some more
details to take care of for instance if
it was lay a a rubato so she has arrived
how do you say she has arrived I want to
remind you that if she had arrived
yesterday we would still say she has
arrived we wouldn't say she arrived in
English you would say she arrived but in
Italian you would still say she has
arrived yesterday so how would you say
she has arrived you would say lay at
airavata a airavata because you need a
feminine version of the past participle
how do you say Louis
Roboto well with the no because it's
masculine and so for - and so for year
ok so what we've discovered is that the
gerund that we've covered in a previous
video is absolutely both number and
gender insensitive he never changes you
build it and then you use it you plug it
in whatever the person happens to be
it's good it's good to go now
unfortunately with the past participle
you have to be a bit more careful so the
past participle is gender sensitive and
also number sensitive okay so the
plurality also matters so I think now we
know everything
about the past participle and we know
everything about the present perfect so
we've done two tenses at once basically
the past participle and then the present
perfect of course you need the past
participle in order for you to use the
present perfect correctly and we also
know about the exceptions and we've
looked at a few examples in English and
we have a lot more words pretty much all
verbs to add to our dictionary I hope
you have found this video helpful don't
forget to hit the like button if you
liked the video I'm looking forward to
seeing you guys in the next one
take care