Employment Programmes - Human Resources and Economic Development, Indian Economy Video Lecture | Indian Economy - B Com

poverty alleviation programs and
policies growth oriented approach tell
me what you will do to handle a simple
problem like plants under development in
a specific Park well simple I will
collect more money and resources from
the nearby colonies to spend in making
sure that this portion of the park has
access to sunlight water a fertilizers
and pesticides
similarly government collects taxes from
all of us and one of the major focuses
of its spending is towards poverty
reduction government's approach to
poverty reduction has three dimensions
the first one is growth oriented
approach the limitations of which we
have already discussed the key
initiative that government is taking in
this direction is to move formers to
more productive sector in the element
plan government has clearly mentioned
that growth should be better balanced to
rapidly create jobs for wide variety of
Indian labor force in the industrial and
services sectors it is necessary that if
a significant portion of them are to
shift out of agriculture they have the
shift from low product of the employment
into a non agricultural activity that
can provide higher real incomes per head
this must be accompanied by efforts to
improve the income earning opportunities
of those who remain in agriculture by
raising land productivity this process
would also lead to higher farm incomes
and a rise in real wages of Agriculture
labor
whose bargaining power will improve as
surplus labor is shifted out of this
sector the ability to create jobs will
be enhanced by greater labour
flexibility which may require some
changes in labor laws there is room for
creating greater flexibility there also
the ability to sustain a labor intensive
growth process in today's knowledge and
skill driven economy depends crucially
upon the expansion of skill capabilities
in the labor force specific programs for
development of skills at all levels will
be a part of the eleventh plan poverty
alleviation programs and policies
self-employment and
age employment programs hats off to our
policy Beca they were aware of this
inherent limitation of growth approach
and right from 1960s they were and are
looking for alternatives to specifically
address the poor needs the main focus of
the government policy initiatives is how
incomes and employment for the poor
could be raised directly through the
creation of additional assets and by
means of work generation with this
specific objective in mind specific and
direct poverty alleviation programs are
always the key agenda for the policy
making the program for creation of
additional assets by means of work
generations have been broadly classified
into self employment programs and wage
employment programs let's see each of
them one by one self employment program
this program was started in 1970s in
rural areas of the country
in the name of integrated rural
development program I RDP to increase
the source of income of small farmers
and landless laborers the benefits the
beneficiaries were given subsidized
credit training and infrastructure so
that they could find and create new
sources of earning themselves in this
scheme agricultural laborers and small
farmers received new skills to involve
in vocations other than cultivating land
they included fishery animal husbandry
and forestry shortfalls I RDP suffered
from certain shortfalls since unskilled
landless laborers had no experience in
managing an enterprise many unviable
projects were undertaken
and subcritical investments were made
leading to collapse of these micro
enterprises Swanage NT gram Swaraj guru
Gina
yes g sy considering the shortfalls of
the ir DP the government replaced this
program with Swanage NT gram Swaraj guru
Gina yes GS y in 1999 considering the
non viability of the enterprise of the
poor individual and his or her poor
credit worthiness
yes g sy focused on groups to lend money
and develop micro enterprises this
scheme involves the organization of the
poor in to self-help groups or as H G's
and are provided with credit technology
infrastructure and training
implementation the SGS y is implemented
by the district rural development
agencies d rdas with active involvement
of panchayat raj institute pr i--'s
banks line departments of the state
government and non-government
organization and Jules progress
currently the subsidy is given at the
rate of 30 percent of the project cost
subject to a maximum of seven thousand
five hundred rupees in respect of SES
and s trees and disabled persons subsidy
is 50 percent of the project cost
subject to a maximum of ten thousand
rupees for groups of Swaraj giri's the
subsidy is fifty percent of the cost of
the scheme subject to per capita subsidy
of ten thousand rupees or 1.25 lakh
rupees whichever is less
there is no monetary limit on subsidy
for irrigation projects the Ministry of
Rural Development is in the process of
redesigning
SGS why to implement it in a mission
mode for achieving faster and better
results it is proposed aim for
universalization of segs
that is to bring at least one member
from each ppl family into the Shu fold
in a time bond manner a dedicated
implementation structure is proposed to
be put in place with the National rural
livelihood mission at the national level
supported by similar APEC's bodies at
the state district and subdistrict
levels in the state's wage employment
programs now let's look at the wage
employment programs these were first
started during the 6th and 7th plan in
the form of National Rural Employment
Program n our EP and rural landless
Employment Guarantee program or le GP
these two programs were later merged in
1989 into more well-known Java Rajgarh
yojana or j ry the jry was supposed to
produce employment for the unemployed
and the underemployed and to improve the
village infrastructure and assets the
jry was revised and relaunched in april
1999 and was named as java her graham
Sam radicchio Gina or jg s why the
secondary objective of the GRI has
become the main objective that is
creating economic assets and
infrastructure for the village and the
creation of employment is a byproduct of
the main objective one of the hallmark
of these programs was recently launched
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act 2005 maneger it is one of
the largest publicized a flagship
program of government to provide 400s
guarantee wage employment every year to
every household whose adult member
interested to do unskilled manual work
the primary objective of the act is
augmenting wage employment its auxilary
object to is strengthening natural
resource management through works that
address causes of chronic poverty like
drought deforestation and soil erosion
and so encourage sustainable development
the Minerva thus provides a social
safety net for the vulnerable groups and
an opportunity to combine growth with
equity during the year 2009-2010 an
amount of 39 thousand one hundred crore
rupees was allocated under the Minerva
against which 5.2 five crore households
have been provided employment employment
was generated of two hundred and eighty
two point five eight crore person days
Social Security program the third
approach to addressing poverty is to
provide minimum basic amenities to the
most vulnerable people house food income
in short a safety net these are named as
social security and are meant for those
who are at the bottom of the BPL facing
destitution and desertion
one of the main schemes is focused on
shelter and rural housing and is called
indira are was Yojana i a why ia why is
in operation since 1985 1986 with the
basic aim to provide assistance for
construction or upgradation of a
dwelling that is housing units to the
shuttle cars and Scheduled Tribes and
freed bonded laborers and non SES or STS
living below poverty line in rural areas
from 1995-96 the iay benefits have been
extended to the videos or next-of-kin of
Defense personnel killed in action
iay is also a part of Barr at nimman
program under which 60 lakh houses were
to be constructed during the four years
that is 2005 to 2006 to 2008 to 2009
against this 71.7 six lakh houses have
been constructed under iay over the
period of four years that is from 2005
2006 to 2008 2009 which is more than the
target fixed under borrowed naman
programme and a Phase two of parademon
programme a target of construction of
whooping 1.20 crow houses under iay have
been fixed for five year period from
2009 2010 to 2014 in the present form ie
why is one of the popular schemes of the
Ministry of Rural Development the
popularity can be attributed to the fact
that the scheme enables beneficiaries to
participate and involve themselves in
construction of their home providing
houses to poorest also has a positive
impact on people's physical and mental
health once the basic need of housing is
fulfilled citizens develop a sense of
opportunity for livelihood for improving
living conditions and for containing
children's education undoubtedly there
is a direct link between a safe and
secure housing to better standards of
living and reduction in vulnerability