Transport - Infrastructure, Interdisciplinary issues in Indian Commerce

now the next infrastructural challenge
that we face is of transport the
transport not only means carrying people
from one place to another in economics
it is also very important because it
carries the final product to the
consumer from one place where it is
produced how it finally reaches the
consumer so from that point of view also
transport is very important
now what are the various means of
transport we all know railways Road
railway transport Road transport water
transport and air transport these are
the four ways in which we can carry
Goods and people from one place to
another through road water offer proof
from here
now let us stick them up one by one
first railways railways is the fourth
largest network we have in the world
India is has the fourth largest network
in the word the route length that is
there is sixty five thousand four
hundred kilometers area is covered by
railways now there are two main segments
from where the revenue comes one is to
trade and the other is to passengers
Freight is carrying of goods
now through boots carrying of boots 70%
of the revenue comes and for passengers
30% of the revenue comes I do not study
this you must have always thought that
through passengers you get the greatest
earns revenue but their actual source of
revenue is through carrying work goods
from anti stone order that is true faith
so 70% of the revenue is generated
through trade and the rest 30% is to
passengers so do you see the problems
that are being placed by railways in the
past 40 years the electric and diesel
locomotive is very old the wagons that
they use a very old and there are in
urgent need of modernization there is an
urgent need of modernizing them and
introducing new engines then the railway
network is very small and inadequate for
the size of cartrip India the network
that we have is still inadequate we need
to have better services and better
network then rail it places a financial
crunch because the revenue model they
try to generate money only through
revenue model but now it is insufficient
there needs to be more investment in the
sector to bring them out of this
financial crunch then heavy losses are
also incurred by rail days because there
are many food articles necessary food
articles with food like fruits and
vegetables which are carried at a very
low cost
another necessity items there are food
articles and other necessity I articles
that they carry at first low cost and so
since trade is the most important source
of revenue and that who they carry on a
low cost so they incurred losses then we
all know this overcrowded specially in
festive seasons now all we know that the
pout is overcrowded and VP that there is
shortage of these facility then there
are poor passenger services also in
terms of security and everything the
services are not so good the safety
measures that are adopted are also not
sufficient still please get to see so
many accidents happening then they have
been what are the steps that have been
taken to improve on how to overcome
these problems there have been
low resource management has been done
then rational price policy has been
introduced so that the burden is not
even felt on the passengers and the
revenue generated this increases then
increase Ragan Road we should turn the
gun in the railway should aim at
increasing their wagon load that the
plate that they are carrying what about
of boots that they are carrying that
should be increased then there should be
passed it on around time the moment of
wagon loaded with goods go it should be
unloaded and then should come back again
so the frequency of that traveling
should be increased then they should be
public/private partnership it should be
introduced in the railway sector also
now the second mode of transport is the
road which is the second largest in the
world
which is the second railways with the
fourth-largest we are we were the fourth
largest network in the world and in
terms of road we are the second largest
internet or in the world it has a
network of around four point eight six
million kilometers and two percent of
the National Highways of the total roads
that are there
two percent of it is National Highways
and they carry around 40% of the total
road traffic now the hangman sweep Hara
jaw rope Ariana has been started to link
all the major
to link all the major cities
so that the connectivity becomes better
similarly on that front only turn on
Monty gram sadak yojana has been
implemented - for rural roads this is
also very important because
they were very catch our roads in the
rural sector and there was a lot of
problems there was complete problem of
connectivity how can the use of a
village come to a nearby town to find
for finding employment opportunities
when the road is not going to be proper
or how can a child come to a college
near from promised village to the town
on that roads so for all these purposes
prathana meant 3 grams or a fusion of
was introduced and because of that 65%
all-weather roads have been connected to
the roads network connection has been
made now making rural roads is one of
the six components of the partner man
the goal is to provide connectivity to a
habitation of thousand people with good
all-weather roads and habitation of 500
people in half really areas to have good
all-weather roads so if there are
thousand people living there should be a
good connectivity or road for them and
similarly in the areas if there is a
population of 500 living together then
they should have better connectivity it
is one of the major goals of Bharath
nirmaan
to press on monetary policy or overuse
not is for connecting cities and her
Trahan monthly grants are a few schnapps
is of making rural roads both these pari
Oceana's were started in the year 2001
now what are the problems that are being
pasted by and the this sector they are
again inadequate considering the size of
our country they are still insufficient
then the connectivity we know still it
is very poor in hilly areas still you
will get to see large mud roads and in
appropriate road even in cities during
monsoon you see such pathetic roads
because they are poorly maintained by
the state governments and then there are
heavy losses also inter to the state
road state-run transport corporation
because one because the roads are poor
and second their transport facilities
the buses that they use they are also
very poor and people avoid using them so
they are running in losses now what are
the steps that have been taken when a
very important step that has been taken
is development of an HTP national
highway development program it is a
Golden Quadrilateral has been built
which connects the Ford metros together
then north-south and east-west corridor
has also green coming up 11th and 12th
plan also Express ways have been coming
up for in areas where there is high
traffic and then there were one lanes
one-way lanes truly have been having the
wave and then international connectivity
is also you increase so that people can
travel easily from one place to another
if there is lack of employment
opportunities in their villages they can
come easily to the nearby towns so for
all these purposes and steps have been
taken to improve the situation
now the third we know transport is the
water transform which is not used much
it is a sector which has been neglected
over the years now inland water
transport means when you travel through
rivers canals and creeks and backwater
this is called as inland water transport
tales 14,500 kilometer of navigable
waterways in India and five waterways a
declared national water is like from
like a lava to Harlem
it passes from Ganges to Brahmaputra to
boobie liver this is the first national
hi Eddie and similarly there are four
others they are five national highways
and four more are coming so the now the
Ministry of shipping is giving
importance to develop this mode of
transport also it has been neglected
over the years
next is shipping their two type of
shipping one is coastal shipping that is
done within the country and then there
is overseas shipping we have a post
Prime of seven thousand five hundred and
seventeen kilometers and then they are
twelve major ports at 200 minor ports
the 12 major ports are looked after by
the Ministry of shipping central
government
you
central government looks after them and
mine apasa know dr. by state government
this is when we are talking about
movement within the country and overseas
shipping is when we trade with the other
country now 95 percent of the global
merchandise trade that happens that
happens through overseas shipments
ceilings and Carla is the top traffic
handle now what are the problems that
are faced by the ship thing or the water
transport industry
first is the breakdown of cargo handling
equipment we are not very well equipped
since it has been an industry which is
not being developed much so people or
the people working are not well equipped
with how to handle the cargoes now then
dredging facilities are not there
dredging is a kind of an excavation
activity underwater excavation activity
the shallow waters to make the water
more navigable it is like they remove
the sediments and all to make the water
more navigable these types of facilities
are not available in India and then the
container handling the container that
comes their handling facilities are not
also not proper then there is lack of
proper coordination because the sector
has not developed much then handling
Indian containers the containers that
come they are the cost of handling them
is also very high in comparison to other
international ports and then there are
inefficient port equipments it has not
the port equipments that they have a lot
of good standard or they have not
modernized enough so these are the
problems that are faced by Indian ports
the next way of transport is air
transport then we have to pattern travel
long distance long distance then and
there is lack of time or shortage of
time this is a mode of transport that is
adopted for business travel purposes etc
but nowadays it is become a very common
mode of transport more and more people
adopt through this way of transport now
it is basically there are three areas in
air transport operational area
infrastructure and development limit off
of operation there are 10 place there 10
of operational sources
3 are government's and 7 are private
sector TR government own like Air India
and all and in their private planes like
in the Pogo oil etc so and recently
earlier it was only the public sector
the government sector that was providing
services back then it has been
privatized and the private sector market
has grown
Bendis lien of 52% of the services
operational services are run by the
private sector then infrastructure to
our look after the infrastructure a I
manages it Airport Authority of India it
manages 125 airports now along with the
airport authority of india along with
private players now looks after the
maintenance and building of new wave
posts new pipe five new airports have
come up making pochi Hyderabad Bangalore
oh my and Delhi International airports
and they have been made boot standard
airport with the help of L Authority and
the fireplace both have worked together
and the development part is looked after
in 11th and 12th on a lot of emphasis
had been given on providing better
services for users as well as service
providers
Anita
Edouard economic regulatory authority
was set up for this purpose the domestic
passenger traffic traffic handling has
reached nearly 122 million in 13 and
poutine and more and more people are
adopting to this way of transport did
this we come to the end of this chapter
let us take up the quiz which of the
following statement is incorrect the
indian road network is second longest in
the world it is true road network is
second longest and railways is the
fourth longest the rural road network
connects around 65 appall with the roads
this is also true most of the State Road
Transport corporations are running on
profits this is absolutely false tape
road transport corporations are running
in losses and the National Highways
which are two percent of the total road
network
carry 40 percent of the total road so
which statement is incorrect this
statement is in fact the Indian Railways
have a route length of about sixty five
point four thousand kilometers
when a has a long coastline of seven
five one seven kilometers seven seven
keep that in mind if you don't remember
the numbers seven five one seven
kilometers
predominantly paracho rho uiuj now is
associated with reverse communications
highways of social integration
barýþ kuru any kind of garage or
predominantly forage or ogram Toro is
connected with roads hi these so we have
talked about railway transport which is
for purchase
which is pork largest
and 65.4 kilometer 60 five and five
point four thousand kilometers network
road transport position second-largest
water transport shipping and inland
water means
and then there was air transfer we've
taken them up
well you'll remember them