Supply Concept & Equilibrium - Supply Analysis, Business Economics & Finance Video Lecture | Business Economics & Finance - B Com

We've talked a lot about demand.
So now let's talk
about supply, and we'll
use grapes as this example.
We'll pretend to be grape
farmers of some sort.
So I will start by
introducing you--
and maybe I'll do it in purple
in honor of the grapes--
to the law of supply, which
like the law of demand,
makes a lot of intuitive sense.
If we hold all else equal--
in the next few videos,
we'll talk about
what happens when
we change some of
those things that we're
going to hold equal right
now-- but if you hold all else
equal and the only
thing that you're doing
is you're changing price,
then the law of supply
says that if the price
goes up-- I'll just say p
for price-- if
the price goes up,
then the supply-- now,
let me be careful--
the quantity supplied goes up.
And then you can imagine,
if the price goes down,
the quantity supplied goes down.
And you might
already notice that I
was careful to say
quantity supplied.
And it's just like
we saw with demand.
When we talk about
demand going up or down,
we're talking about the entire
price-quantity relationship
shifting.
When we talk about a
particular quantity demanded,
we say quantity demanded.
We don't just say demand.
This is the exact
same thing for supply.
When we're talking about
a particular quantity,
we'll be careful
to say quantity.
If we talk about
supply increasing,
we're talking about the entire
relationship shifting either up
or down.
So let's just make
sure that this
makes intuitive sense for us.
And I think it probably does.
Let's think about
ourselves as grape farmers.
And I'll make a little supply
schedule right over here.
So Grape Supply Schedule, which
is really just a table showing
the relationship
between, all else
equal, the price and
the quantity supplied.
So let's label some
scenarios over here,
just like we did with
the demand schedule.
Scenarios.
And then let's put
our Price over here.
This will be in price per pound,
the per pound price of grapes.
And then this is the quantity
produced over the time period.
And whenever we do any of these
supply or demand schedules,
we're talking over a
particular time period.
It could be per day,
it could be per month,
it could be per year.
But that's the only way
to make some sense of, OK,
what is the quantity
per day going
to be produced if
that's the price?
So if we didn't say
per day, we don't
know what we're
really talking about.
Quantity Supplied.
And so let's just
say Scenario A,
if the price per pound
of grapes is $0.50--
if it's $0.50 per
pound-- actually,
let me just do round numbers,
but you get the idea.
If the price per pound is
$1, let's just say for us,
we consider that to be
a relatively low price.
And so we'll only kind
of do the easiest land,
our most fertile land, where
it's easy to produce grapes.
And maybe the fertile--
and cheap land.
So no one else wants to use
that land for other things.
It's only good for
growing grapes.
And so we will provide--
so this is price per pound.
And in that situation,
we can produce
1,000 pounds in this year.
And I've never been
a grape farmer,
so I actually don't know if
that's a reasonable amount
or not, but I'll just go
with it, 1,000 pounds.
Now, let's take
Scenario B. Let's
say the price goes up to $2.
Well now, not only
would we produce
what we were producing
before, but we might now
want to maybe buy
some more land, land
that might have had other
uses, land that's maybe not
as productive for grapes.
But we would, because now
we can get more for grapes.
And so maybe now we are willing
to produce 2,000 pounds.
And we can keep going.
The same dynamics
keep happening.
So let's say the price-- if
the price were $3 per pound,
now we do want to produce more.
Maybe we're even willing to work
a little harder or plant things
closer to each
other, or maybe I'll
get even more land involved
than I would have otherwise used
for other crops.
And so then I'm going
to produce 2,500 pounds.
And I'll do one more scenario.
Let's say Scenario D, the
price goes to $4 a pound.
Same dynamic, I will stop
planting other crops,
use them now for grapes, because
grape prices are so high.
And so I will
produce 2,750 pounds.
And so we can draw
a supply curve
just like we have
drawn demand curves.
And it's the same
exact convention,
which I'm not a fan of, putting
price on the vertical axis.
Because as you see, we
tend to talk about price
as the independent variable.
We don't always talk
about it that way.
And in most of math
and science, you
put the independent variable
on the horizontal axis.
But the convention
in economics is
to put it on the vertical axis.
So price on the vertical axis.
So then this is really
Price per pound.
And then in the
horizontal axis, Quantity
Produced, or-- let
me just write it.
Quantity Produced, I'll
say in the next year.
We're assuming all of
this is for the next year,
so next year.
And it's in thousands
of pounds, so I'll
put it in thousands of pounds.
And so let's see, we go
all the way from 1,000
to close to 3,000.
So let's say this
is 1,000, that's
1 for 1,000, that's
2,000, and that is 3,000.
And then the price goes
all the way up to 4.
So it's 1, 2, 3, and then 4.
So we can just
plot these points.
These are specific points
on the supply curve.
So at $1, we would supply 1,000
pounds, at $1, 1,000 pounds.
That's Scenario A.
At $2, we would supply
2,000 pounds, $2,
we'd supply 2,000 pounds.
That's scenario B. At $3, we'd
supply 2,500 pounds, $3-- oh,
sorry.
Now, when we look up-- See, now
notice, I get my axes confused.
This is Price.
This isn't, when we
talk about it this way,
that we're viewing the
thing that's changing.
Although, you don't always
have to do it that way.
So at one $1, 1,000
pounds. $1, 1,000 pounds.
$2, 2,000 pounds.
$2, 2,000 pounds.
$3-- this isn't $3, this is $3.
$3, 2,500 pounds.
So right about there.
That's about 2,500.
But I want to do it
in that blue color,
so we don't get confused.
So $3, 2,500 pounds.
That's about right.
So this is Scenario C.
And then Scenario
D, at $4-- actually,
let me be a little
bit clearer with that,
because we're getting close.
So this is 2,500 pounds,
gets us right over here.
This is Scenario C. And then
Scenario D at $4, 2,750.
So 2,750 is like
right over there.
So that is $4.
That is Scenario D.
And if we connect
them, they should all
be on our supply curve.
So they will all be-- it will
look something like that.
And there's some
minimum price we
would need to supply
some grapes at all.
We wouldn't give
them away for free.
So maybe that's something--
that minimum price is over here,
that just even gets
started producing grapes.
So this right over here
is what our supply curve
would look like.
Now remember, the only
thing we're varying here
is the price.
So if the price were to
change, all else equal,
we would move along
this curve here.
Now, in the next
few videos, I'll
talk about all those other
things we've been holding equal
and what they would do at any
given price point to this curve
or, in general, what they
would do to the curve.