Part 28 - C# Tutorial - Structs in C#.avi Video Lecture - C sharp Enhance

hello welcome to presume technologies
i'm rankled this is part 28 structures
and c-sharp in this session we'll learn
about Struck's
in part 19 of this video series we had
an introduction to classes and we have
learned that a class can have private
fields public drop these constructors
methods just like classes a struct can
also have all of these let's look at an
example to create a class for example if
I want to create a customer class I use
the class keyword let's say I want to
create a customer structure then I use a
struct keyword and create that customer
structure and let me know that a class
can have private fields similarly a
structure can also have private fields
let's say in this example our customer
structure is going to have a private
integer field and a private name feel
you know string feel so private and
under school ID and private string
underscore name okay
and to encapsulate these fields a class
can have you know property similarly a
structure can also have properties so to
create a property for ID private field
how do we do that we create a public
property since ID is an integer field
the property needs to be an integer and
the name of the property may be ID and
then I get accessor which will just
return
this dot on the school ID and we need to
have a set access error as well which
will set the value for ID field so this
underscore ID is equal to value okay so
that's the property for the ID field now
similarly we need to create a property
for the name field and to do that we
don't have to actually type we can he
use the refactoring capabilities of
visual studio and to do that you can
actually right click on the property I
mean the private field and select
refactor and then here you can select
and capsulate field and when you click
OK you will get you know what do you
want to name the property you know it's
intelligent enough you know to give it
the same name as that of your feel with
a capital N and when you click OK that's
gonna give you a preview of how your
property is going to look like so your
property is going to look like it has
not generated it's going to generate
that for us so apply and it has
generated that property for us so this
property implements this feel and this
property implements I mean encapsulate
this feel okay so our structure now has
got private fields and public properties
so a class can also have a constructor
to initialize the class feels similarly
its structural you can have a
constructor to initialize this structure
fields ok so and we know that a class
constructor will have the same name as
that of a class ok similarly a structure
constructor will have the same name as
that of the structure so public and we
know that a constructor cannot have a
return type so public customer and we
pass in two parameters into this
constructor which can be used to
initialize these two private fields so
nth maybe ID and strength
so we use those two parameters to
initialize the private fields of the
structures this dot underscore ID is
equal to ID the parameter that is coming
in and similarly this Jordan school name
is equal to the name parameter that's
coming into our constructor okay and
just like if you know just like how
classes can have methods our structure
cells you can have methods and let's say
I want a method in the structure which
can print the customer details you know
I wanted this method to be able to print
the ID and the name of this customer so
to do that let's create a public method
public wide and let's call this print
details and what is this method going to
do it's gonna print the customer ID and
the name so console.writeline ID is
equal to placeholder and name is equal
to another placeholder so in the first
placeholder I want to replace that with
an ID and maybe the second place holder
I won't replace that with a name okay
that's it we have created our structure
now if you look at this it's actually
very very similar it lasts the only
difference that you can spot here is
that we are using a struct keyword it's
the class keyword if it was a class
keyword then it would have been a
customer class since it said struct key
but then this is a customer structure
now let's see how to use this structure
now to create an instance with a class
let's say for example I have customer
class to create an instance with this
customer class I will say customer c1 is
equal to new customer and to create an
instance of a structure you follow the
exact same syntax we have a customer
structure here and to create an instance
of that I say customer c1 is equal to
new customer so here we are creating an
instance of a structure and look at this
we have
a constructor for this structure which
takes in two parameters and we use those
parameters to initialize these two
structure private fields so let's say my
customers ID is going to be 1 0 1 and
name is going to be mark so we
initialize the structure and if I want
to print the details of this customer
I will just say c1 print details and if
we go ahead and run this it should print
the ID and the name of our customer now
in c-sharp 3.0 you know they have
introduced a new syntax to actually
create an instance your class and it's
called object initializers and tags
actually you know this is one way to
create your customer object and another
way is we can say customer c2 is equal
to new customer and we are using the
default constructor
now when I say c2 dot print details look
at what's gonna happen when I run this
c2 customer ID 0 and name is empty
because why we have not initialized this
customer feels so let's go ahead and
initialize them and another way of doing
it is we can use the public properties
that we have created we know that this
customer has an ID public property so
let's say 1 0 2 and similarly it has got
a name property and maybe I want to
initialize this to John now if we go
ahead and run this program what's gonna
happen is it's gonna print the ID and
the name of the second customer as well
what's the difference between these two
instantiations here we are using that
constructor and passing in these two
parameters directly into that
constructor and here what we are doing
we're actually using the default
constructor and we are using the
properties of the structure to
initialize those fields okay and then we
are printing the details now instead of
having so much you know you have to
create an object and then again you have
to say C 2 dot ID is he to lot name what
you can do is you can use the object
initializers and tags okay so let's
create another customer
we'll see three is equal to new customer
and a semicolon there and then you can
say ID is equal to maybe 1 0 3 and name
is equal to maybe Rob ok you see that
this is you know much less typing rather
than creating the object and then using
object dot you can use this shorthand
notation this is called the object
initializer syntax which has got
introduced in c-sharp 3.0 and then as
usual if you want to print the details
of the third customer you can say C 3
dot print detail so now we have 3
customers okay so that's it so object
initialize the syntax introduced and C
in c-sharp 3.0 can be used to initialize
either a structure or a class so you can
use this object initializer syntax tree
initialize classes as well ok so far we
have looked at the similarities between
a structure and a class but do however
keep in mind there are several
differences between classes structures
which we'll be looking at in the next
video session now if you look at this
example it's exactly similar to what we
have written okay but the left one is
actually a class a customer class and
then the right one it's a customer
structure if you look at the cool on the
left and compare the left to the right
the only difference that you'll spot is
that here you're using the class keyword
on the left hand side and on the right
hand side you and using the struct
keyword other than that the code is
exactly similar okay but however as I
told you there are several differences
that's very very important to know the
differences between structure and
classes which we'll be looking at in our
next video session that's it for today
thank you for listening have a great day