Primary Memory RAM & ROM Lecture - 9 (LIC AAO ; IBPS ; SBI ; PO and Clerk)

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subscribe it now we are going to proceed
to our topic so our today's topic is
memory primary storage which is also
called main memory we are going
throughout this lecture that what is
primary storage and what is their
characteristic advantages disadvantages
and how many types of primary storage a
believer in your computer so now we are
going to start so primary manually is
also called as a memory main memory
primary memory calathea key mean memory
we calathea so primary memory holds only
those data and instruction on which
computer is currently walking so what
from a primary memory words it's only
stored that one data and instruction
which your computer's need it currently
for their work ok and it has limited
capacity
it is not very large in size job team a
primary memory OTA vopos large size can
you ta so it is a it is limited in
capacity and data is lost and your data
is lost when power is cyst off so the
data whatever the data in your primary
memory main memory is not for lifelong
okay when the your computer gets this
job then your data is also get lost okay
it is generally made above semiconductor
please note down that which device while
using which device your primary memory
is made up okay so the answer will be
semiconductor devices your primary
memory is constructed using
semiconductor device these memories are
not as fast as registered I already told
you that register is the fastest device
after that your cash in America and
after the main memory why so I already
told you that register is a very less
offense to find out anything in a
register it is very easy and very
quickly and to find out any data in a
cache in memory will take a little bit
more time than register but it will be
also find it very quickly but in main
memory it will be take more time than
register and cache in memory so here it
is also mentioned as these memory are
not as fast as register the data and
instruction required to be processed
Society memory what it means that
whatever the data and instruction
required by your processor is always
reside in your main memory because
register and cache in memory is not
enough has not enough space to hold up
whole program so the main memory there
require and main memory most of all
instruction and data which is used by a
computer is always there and whenever
any data or instruction computer your
processor nee then that will be data
will be fished out web cache
memory and then to your register okay it
divided into two subcategories ramen
wrong so what it is me that your primary
memory has two category which is called
RAM and ROM please friends if you have
bunch go through my first lecture which
is processor and memory then please I
request you to those people who didn't
seen that one video please go through
that video only after that you will be
able died what is register or watch it
what is cache a memory and why it is it
has a lesser in space and why it has it
has a soup it is it is faster device I
already explained it it it in the
previous my lecture so please if any
person who didn't seen my last video
which is prior processor and memory then
please go through that one video and
after that please watch this one video
then you will be the points will be more
clearly explained to you okay so now I
am coming to the characteristics of main
memory what is the characteristics of
main memory
these are semiconductor device actually
whatever the I have already told you in
my lecture it is also cataracts your
characteristics so first one is here
this that it is a semiconductor memories
next one is it is known as main memory
primary memory also called as main
memory usually volatile nature wallet is
volatile means it is um the data
whatever it has it will gone out okay
in Hindi what is the meaning of Laura de
Nash one okay now chuan Q key is key and
the Jobi data author have a permanent
new utha that is why we called our
primary memory as a volatile memory now
going to over neck
slide here also there is some
characteristics next characteristic data
is lost in case power is cysts off
whenever your power gets it off your
data get lost okay it is working memory
working memory yes Yuki whenever your
processor is going to work it oh we
always need register cache and main
memory okay so it is a working memory if
you are not going to attach any secondly
memory it will be okay for the processor
but it always need a main memory for
their work okay
that is I mean memory called as a
working memory it is faster than
secondary memory already told that it is
it is slower than register and cashier
but it is faster than secondary memory a
computer cannot run without primary
memory your computer cannot run without
my primary primary memory so registers
cache and main memory these three memory
is always required for a processor to
work or to perform their work okay now
we already told you that your primary
memory is divided into RAM and ROM so we
are now coming here that Ram what is the
full form of RAM please note down that
full form of RAM is random access memory
what does it be that you can access any
data randomly from the memory this is
your main memory oh sorry this is your
memory I already told you it is divided
into cells and data will be available
any one of his self so in primary memory
data can be Excel XS randomly randomly
means can he say be cohesive it could be
any concept I heard Atta try going up
her hair up can happen a a hopper
it can randomly exist any data from your
memory it is never access your data in a
sequential way okay Q firstly a leg a
fee a data for the next one fit next to
it s any it can access any from anywhere
our data okay now we are going what is
there
Ram stands for random access memory is
the internal memory of the CPU what it
is it is an internal memory while we are
calling it internal memory because it is
always in built in your computer ok
you never ever buy a ram and attached it
ok whenever you purchase a computer or
laptop it always there in your laptop or
computer that is I it is koala internal
memory of the CPU for storing data
program and program result
Kakistos at that data may be after
program as programs here Joe we have to
reserve videos oka go result ok
it is readwrite memory ok it can be read
it can be right ok in Ram you can
anything read on it from here sorry and
you can anything write on it okay which
is chose data until the machine is
working so it can store any one data
until yours misses a machine is working
means your power is too strong
ok your computer is so strong otherwise
it will be loss whatever the data it has
it will be lost as soon as the machine
is system data is it is Jesse aapki
machine system for your data get exist X
system in DRAM is independent I already
told you it can access any data from
anywhere so X system here oughta have
what is the existing the time which will
take to access our data is called a
excess time ok so it is independent it
is not dependent that he has a local
data if it wants to access any data from
my area or from here it will take up any
other time it will take the same time so
that excess time is independent of the
address that is each storage location
means verjus storage location inside the
memory is as easy to reach as other
location ache GCB location rajma easy
otha harami
and takes the same amount of time so it
will take the same amount of time so it
will it
no different X's trying to read any data
from different location okay data in the
RAM can be accessed randomly above no
data X is cos sakthe hai randomly
cohesive II but it is very expensive but
your RAM means expensive ok subsist
cheapest Ruthie second a memory what it
isn't mean that your secondary memory is
always a cheapest one okay Ram is wallet
I already told you what is the meaning
of volatile water time is Nash one okay
so Ram is a volatile in nature that is
data stored in it lost when we cyst off
the computer so many dies the question
is come that Ram is volatile or
non-volatile if you know the procedure
working procedure of RAM then you will
definitely select the correct one option
that your rent is a volatile in nature
or if there is a power failure
yeah the above my computer once a day or
there is a power failure has a backup
onion read in drop table power system
which is called UPS okay every computer
most of the in the desktop there is
always a UPS connected ot to it because
whenever a power is gone your UPS will
keep on your computer for sometimes till
then you can save your data and save it
in it to your secondary memory okay
often used wrist computer ticket ah coma
with a dia key is Kelly FK I use curtain
ups to is often used with computer RAM
is small in size both in terms of its
physical size and in the amount of data
it can hold means your RAM always is uh
small in size that is why it can hold
only a small data okay not a very big
one data if it you want to store a big
data then it will is store some data and
after that finished processor finished
their work then it will store the aisle
next rate our watches which is all
storing your secondary memory okay Ram
is of two types your RAM is of two type
which is called static Ram and dynamic
Ram okay now we are going to see the
categories of RAM which has two sects
static Ram and dynamic Ram which is
called SRAM okay so in s Ram the word
static indicates that the memory retains
its constraints as long as the power is
being supplied Jeptha a key power supply
duty receipt of the key data is key
under the Hat ahead however data is lost
when the power get down due to volatile
nature or just Jessie alka power get
down Milegi power Charles Arthur had a
take away the loss where the heck you
pukey static Ram is also of volatile in
nature okay
SRAM chip chips use our matrix of six
transistor please note down that SRAM is
constructed with which devices it is
constructed with this transistor and no
capacitor there is no capacitors there
is six transistors are used to construct
our static Ram transistors do not
require power to prevent leakages your
transistor do not require power to
prevent leakages so as limpio I need not
have to be refreshed on our regular
basis actually there is a refreshing
method is used because if there is a
problem of power
so in our some nanosecond of time your
chip can't refresh so that the data can
be retained there till the your computer
is on okay so there is no power power
leakage so there is no need to refresh
it this is the main characteristic of
Esther that kept your static Ram is not
you never never do refreshing okay
because of the extra space in the metric
system uses much of that D rampant in
yours
it used more chips that dear M which
will D them which will you study net in
the next slide for the same amount of
storage space means the same amount of
storage means same amount of data you're
going to store in DM and SM then Ezra
will take more chips and D Ram okay thus
making the manufacturing cost higher
that is why because SM needs more chips
than D Ram definitely there is a more
cheaper using his SRAM that is why the
cost will be higher so s stem is used as
a cache memory and has very fast access
so where it is used it is used in a
cache a memory because it is very fast
in excess okay and I already told you
about cache a memory what is the
characteristics of caches or a static
Ram it has long life okay because there
is no need to refresh I already told you
to make the data available till your
computer is on in didim there is a
mechanism is used to refresh your chip
so that data is there but in starting
and there is no need that is why it has
a long life there is no need to refresh
you don't need to refresh it it is
faster it is used as a cache memory it
is larger in size it is expensive
because or I already told you it used
more chips than dreg and high power
consumption it also use one means
whenever a SM is getting executed then
it will need a higher power okay now we
are going to dynamically orders in
dynamic Ram dear a DM unlike SM must be
continuously refreshed in order to
maintain the data when say up settling a
few key is key under studying their
methods Rodney party buddy Romaic of new
data maintained Carnegie Barbarosa
refreshed and upper thigh so that is the
mechanism that indeed am continuously
refreshment is done to maintain the data
well this is done
by placing the memory on a refresh
second there is a circuit additional
circuit is used which is called a
refresh circuit that rewrites the data
several time whatever the data we have
already stored it if we will rewrite
again and again because in a nanosecond
of time the data is stored in the D Ram
get lost okay
so to maintain it the refreshment
mechanism is used to write down my data
again and again so the data will be
stored there always until your power
didn't get down okay
several hundred times per second okay so
you can see that in a second in a per
second it refreshed hundred times okay
at least hundred times DS M is used for
most stuff because it is cheap okay we
already told you that static Ram is
expensive but DRAM is cheap and smaller
size static Ram is large in size but
dynamic there is small in size okay
please keep remember all these points
these points only if you remember then
you can be able to answer any any
objective type of question because you
know the working or the memory okay what
is that it has the characteristic what
it has a advantages if you know all
these things that you will be able to
give any question any objective question
whatever coming from you okay that is
why I am going to explain you first what
is the processor how it will work then
after that I will make her and seek you
for you okay but if you know thoroughly
go through my this lecture then you will
be able to answer any any objective
question okay so please guys
keep concentrate on my this lecture and
please write down all these things the
all these small things because these are
using his small thing your objective
type question will be made okay all dear
aims are made up of small memory cells
so akka Jodi Rama
okay Samantha a small memory cells who
use calc a vente which are composed of
one capacitor look in SRAM there how
many things used in construction of
Israel there is need of sis transistor
but in DeRay how DRAM is compose it has
one capacitor and one transistor okay
this is the big difference
keep remember these things please guys
now we are coming to our characteristics
first characteristic it has short data
and I think I already told you to
maintain the data we need our fresh mint
technique ok next point is need to be
refreshed continuously okay already told
you why so and slower as compared to SM
definitely to maintain the refreshment
criteria a special circuit is included
there also so it is much slower than
your SRAM okay used as a ram it is used
as a ramp lesser in size but is the size
catalyst so that less expensive he comes
hang out the head it is loose in use
less power consumption static Ram use
high power transition but in DRAM DRAM
use less power consumption keep wrote
down all these things now we came to our
last memory type main memory drive it is
wrong wrong wrong form is full form is
read-only memory Rome stands for read
only memory main memory which we can
only read but cannot write in RAM we can
in RAM we can read we can write also
okay but in Rome we cannot write
anything if it cannot write anything
that why they do it from the question is
arise and if you do we are not allowed
to write anything then why we use wrong
the answer is that then whenever you
start your
laughter it takes some time okay you
need if you seen that it takes some time
because it is loading some files some
program which is used to start your
computer it takes some seconds but it
take times okay and those file always
needed whenever you start your computer
so these files this program always is
stored in your ramp and it is right down
by your manufacturer and they plugged it
into your computer into your laptop and
whenever you start your computer
whenever you start your laptop these
program these instructions get executed
automatically okay so you never read it
on it though so Ram basically uses over
there
okay so in ROM is read only memory so
you cannot write you can only read this
type of memory is non very - why so
because you never read it also I write
it anything else since then how you know
that it is going to be lost
okay whatever it is is toner on it
always be there whenever you shut your
computer or not okay so this type of
memory is a non-volatile the information
is in store permanently whatever the
information is stored in the ROM is
stored permanently in such memory during
manufacture I already told you who
stored the ledger instruction and
program your manufacturer okay brick are
wrong stores such instruction that are
required to start up computer I already
told you that whatever the instruction
whatever the program is ready to start
your computer is always stored in your
room this operation is referred to as
bootstrap is go home kavitha's operation
co boot strap okay please go through all
these points very very sharply okay now
wrong chips are not only used in the
computer but also used in your other
electronic items like washing machine
and microwave so you never say that
almond Li used in your computer or
laptop it is also used in your
electronic item which was automatic now
your washing machine your microwave they
are all automatic your fridge okay they
are all automatic so some instruction
are there they are not in your microwave
in your washing machine so where these
instructional and store these are
instruction is store in drama and your
manufacture fitted it in your microwave
in your washing machine automatic
washing machine and it will walk by
reading all this instruction okay now
going to the advantage of Rome what is
the advantages it is non volatile in
nature Kang in Ashwani Joba date I avoid
skin the garage storegga next this
cannot be accidentally changed obviously
accidentally changed any curse that they
next cheaper their ram it is cheaper
their ram and easy to test a Piske
testing curse that they actually apne
girls a theta you manufacturer who
constructed it only that one person can
test on it okay you can't even think to
test on it okay now more reliable their
crimes it is more you verify so because
it is non watered and well no data is
going to modify so it is more reliable
than ram next advantage these are
restarting and do not require refreshing
okay I already told you what is the
static means autonomy means okay so now
simple line that it is studying and do
not read require refreshing last point
it contains are always known and can be
verified its you know actually these are
the basic instruction basic data basic
program which need by any computer any
laptop any electrical device so it is
unknown data and can be verified okay
now these are the following types of
wrong physically they have four or five
from stripe first is Amram please note
down the full form of from Amram sorry
it is massed from what is it mean their
very first wrong it is a very first
wrong were hardwired device hard what is
the hardware device actually whatever
the instruction you know that I am going
to give two plus two to the computer it
will give you answer for how does all
these by giving this symbol you know
automatically did a addition hard as
well because all instruction whatever we
are going to give is already fed up to
your computer okay so how these
instruction is conscious constructive it
is constructed by two method one is
hardwired and next is a programmer in
hardwired there is as chips use every
choice has a different instruction okay
by using that chips the computer they
perform their work means for addition it
have a say a1 chip for subtraction it
has an analogous for division it has a
next chip okay and the all these chips
are constructed in your so I building in
your computer so whatever the
instruction you give it will do because
the chips are inserted in your laptop ok
so what does it mean the very first row
which are hardwired what is I already
told you what is hardwired the
instruction are in the form of chips ok
that contains s pre-program all chips
are pre-programmed set of data or
instruction phone next point these kind
of forms are known as master which are
inexpensive so M wrong is in expensive
now we are going to win next ROM which
is P ROM what does it mean programmable
read-only memory ok please write down
that what is the meaning of fear of
programmable read only
me first point out here o P ROM is
read-only memory okay we want no key
that Ramazan you don't remember e that
can be modified only by a user do not
consider that you can modify actually
the manufacturer who make a wrong
definitely it will need a dad Rome
because it is all making bed using you
are making one thing instructions we are
making a free exam and you will need to
verify it if that one program is
verified it is good working well then
only you will make it okay and the admin
program is now going to store in your
laptop so your manufacture need Pierrot
okay because they can modify at least
one ok at least nee at it at most only
once ok only once by a user it can be
modified ok it can be modified but only
once hmm the user bias a blank ROM and
enters the desired content using a peer
on program I already told you there is
not possibility to write anything in
wrong but in pre Rome you can write a
data in that now this one peer are on
the karma from because now funds are
right there is no option to write it on
again ok next behind it can be
programmed only once at it is not
irritable whatever data you fed on that
ROM is never be irritable ok it is going
to be for money now we are going to win
next one it is called EEPROM what is the
meaning of EEPROM erasable programmable
read-only memory what does it mean means
you can erase whatever the program you
are going to be store on this basically
this ear ohm and EE prompt is used for
aren t you know now what is the meaning
of
nd means testing purpose okay but ever
the program you are making is working or
not it is not decided so you need to
program it again and again to make it
error free okay so if you Y are pre
wrong T wrong kind of from then when
once you write on it you cannot be able
to erase it so now the tester use EEPROM
or e EEPROM because they are able to it
is it so now we are going to understand
the first time the EEPROM can be erased
by exposing it to ultraviolet light
which light which method we are using
which method using which method you can
easily add Atta from EEPROM ultraviolet
light keep throw a right on it
please make this point highlighted for a
duration or of to 40 minutes means when
the ultraviolet light is placed on the
data up to a 40 mm Zeta get lost
okay get erased usually an EEPROM eraser
what is the device used to erase that
thing EEPROM erase a laser achieve this
function okay now we are going to e e
prom what is the meaning of be prom
electrically erasable and programmable
read-only memory most of the times in
fcq they are as question asked what is
the meaning of EEPROM okay if you know
the full form only then you can select
the right one option please people
humble request to you please for write
down all these meanings okay and
thoroughly watch my this video then I am
going to say that hundred percent you
will be able to give any potions answer
which come from the memory part okay no
one and nothing is come from outside
from this I am covering all all things
from their memory part okay so please
people my humble request to you
please go through this video write down
all these points and if you have find
any problem on any point then you can
ask to me you can comment on my this
video I will definitely tell you again
to you okay
in your words whether it is in Hindi or
whether you want it isn't this English
okay the EPROM is programmed and erased
electrically EEPROM Kukoc arrives at
their program head Orozco appearance at
the you can erase electrically
it can be erased and reprogram the other
sector it can be erased and reprogram
about ten thousand times ten thousand
times you can erase you can reprogram
date on the instruction in EEPROM so you
can stick think that how many times you
can do a modification in your prom
both erasing and programming take about
four to ten milliseconds how much time
it will take to write our relays a data
four to ten millisecond in EEPROM any
location can be selectively erased and
program means this is your EEPROM I
already told you there is assess and you
want a data which is stored in that will
sell and you want to delete only that
one data so you can do it okay
in EEPROM you can it is any selected
area EEPROM can be erased by one byte at
a time
okay so how it it is byte by byte okay
rather than erasing the entire chip in
your EEPROM entire chip it will be it is
ok whatever the data is a store in that
ja-ae prompt it will be deleted all okay
but in EE prom a data will be it is for
byte by byte so the there is no of
option is available to it is data
entirely at a one class okay
hence the process of reprogramming is
flexible but slow so
keep reprogramming ahead it is flexible
but it is a slow process okay so Frank
this is the end of a lecture here I
completed all the primary storage parts
their characteristics their advantages
the ties how many types of them so I
cover all of these things if you find
any problem in my video in any part of
in my video then you do comment I will
explain it to you if you didn't
understand it in in English my Hindi
subscriber then please do comment that
ma'am how many salmon mini I equip
EEPROM care with the hair again some cha
VJ
your aunt kya hota Hasan Giardia I will
definitely give you a brief knowledge in
Hindi also okay so please now friends
first of all thoroughly watch my
previous one which is process a memory
video then only was this one video then
the fourth thing will be clear to you
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