Generalized transduction vs Specialized Transduction Video Lecture - NEET

welcome back friends welcome to another
video tutorial from Samos biology and in
this video tutorial we'll be talking
about the difference between generalized
transduction and specialized
transduction so let us see transduction
in a sense is the process by which two
bacteria share the genetic content
between themselves in the same
generation so this is a called
horizontal gene transfer okay this is
all lateral gene transfer by this
fashion one bacteria let me just change
the color here one bacteria with the
genetic content transfer that content to
another bacteria of the same generation
okay with the help of virus that is
known as transduction there are several
ways that two bacteria share genetic
content but when they involve virus
particle to involve and transfer the
gene or genetic content from one
bacteria to the other bacteria it is
known as transduction now there are two
types of transduction generalized and
specialized in a broad way we can tell
in generalized transduction it is only
the transfer of P or DNA content or
genetic content from bacteria to the
other one while in specialized
transduction the genetic content that is
transferred from one bacteria to the
other which is not packed as not packed
as P or bacterial DNA that is the major
difference between generalized and
specialized transduction so let us see
generalized transaction the transfer and
packaging of the P or bacterial DNA into
the virus and you remember what kind of
viruses infect bacteria bacteriophage so
bacteriophage viruses will infect one
bacteria and then when the Farge viruses
will be generated inside that bacteria
it will infect another one that is how
they transfer the gene in specialized
transduction the transfer and packaging
of small percentage of the bacterial DNA
with viral genome itself so it's not
exactly pure bacterial DNA to be
packaged but small part of bacterial DNA
remains there that is a special case and
also a rare case let us look at the
processes in much more details in the
mechanism of generalized and specialized
transduction let us look at first about
the generalized transduction it starts
with this bacterial cell which is the
target bacteria for the infection by the
bacteria foz virus so far virus infect
this bacteria and if you look at here
the bacteria contains the its own genome
that carries two different genes a plus
and B plus that means both these genes
can be expressed properly and they can
produce the products of gene a and B in
the bacteria now once Farge affecting
this or infecting this bacteria it is
injecting its own genetic content inside
in this case it is a DNA after that this
Farge DNA will start breaking down the
bacterial genomic content so we now have
everything fragment eyes inside the
target bacteria now after this
fragmentation is done and fudge
particles start to replicate and produce
more of their own DNA content inside the
host bacteria then it is the time for
packaging so fast particles continuously
package all those DNA fragments in the
fudge head during this packaging most of
them receives the bacterial DNA which is
transfer mean which is replicated
but some of the bacteriophage head
receives a portion of bacterial DNA
during the packaging because the cell
contains bacterial DNA fragments as well
so some of them can pick up this
bacterial DNA part for example here they
pick this a plus gene from the bacterial
DNA and now once all these phases will
be released this fast particles will be
released by killing the bacterial cell
open and one of those Farge which
carries the a-plus gene that bacteria
watch may infect some other bacteria so
when that Farge infects another bacteria
who who neither have a or b gene present
but now as this fast particle infecting
that bacteria this a plus gene is
presenting Farge head so once they
inject their DNA into the host target
bacterial cell that a plus gene will be
donated to that target cell so now
earlier this bacterial cell cannot
produce either the product A or B but
now as they receive this a plus gene
from the Farge they can produce products
related to a or transcribe timing
products that are coded by a gene so
that is how they can share genetic
component from one bacteria which is
this is one bacteria number one and this
is the second bacteria bacteria number
two this is how the transduction occurs
involving a bacterial file this is known
as generalized transduction as you can
see we told the packaging of the DNA is
almost pure so the DNA that is packed
see one of the fudge get almost pure
content of bacterial DNA if you look at
the second type or specialized
transduction
it starts with more or less the same
type of situation where we have the
bacterial cell inside we have two genes
a plus and B plus present so they can
produce the product a plus and B a and B
products inside now what we know a
bacteriophage infects this bacteria and
in this case the Farge is not lytic type
of verse its lysogenic
of fast remember there are two types of
bacteriophage is possible or virus life
cycle possible lytic and lie so genic in
the lytic process the lytic fudge
process the fast infects the bacteria it
will kill the bacteria and particles
will be released while in lysogenic
process after the infection of Farge
into the bacteria they inject their DNA
and bacterial genome is integrated with
the virus genome because the virus
genome which is inserted will be now
integrated with the bacterial genome so
see here fudge inter let me draw a first
particle here first particle here will
start entering its own genetic material
inside so now the phosgene is integrated
with the bacterial DNA here so now we
have a lysogenic phase going on in this
case lysogeny can remain for some some
sort of time some time durations when
the environment is not proper for the
first particles to release when first
particles think that environment is okay
to release and come out in those
conditions this lysogenic is converted
to lytic cycle and then they again
destroy the bacteria and release out so
now during this whole process
occasionally sometimes during this
processing of the profiles DNA into the
profiles DNA profiles means when the
viral particle DNA is inserted into the
bacterial DNA that genetic combination
is known as the profiles this profiles
DNA exists there but sometimes what
happens when the first particle decides
to take out its own genetic content it
sometimes grabs some part of bacterial
DNA and leave some part of the viral DNA
integrated with the bacterial cell this
thing might happen now if this thing
happens during this packaging of the
fudge particles some part of the
bacterial DNA which is incorporated into
the viral DNA will be packed into one of
the head of bacteriophage and then that
bacteriophage if it infects another
bacteria which in this case you can see
it is going to release the
genetic component against inside and
here in this case you see the part of
the A+ gene is remained while the
profiles is separating from the
bacterial DNA at that point so this a
plus is transferred to the new target
bacterial DNA an M plus will be
incorporated with the bacterial DNA so
earlier again this is the second
bacterial recipient bacteria this first
one is the donor bacteria so the
recipient bacteria was not have any -
any of the A or B gene but now they have
a plus so now they can produce a gene
products easily now the major difference
as you can see is the process of
packaging of the viral DNA now if the
packaging is almost pure some part of
them get the complete bacterial genome
this is the generalized transduction but
sometimes when the pack during the
lysogenic phase and when they revert
from lysogeny to lytic cycle some part
of the bacterial DNA remains along with
most part of the viral DNA and that time
it's conditioned as specialized
transduction so we can tell that
generalized transduction occurs based on
the process of lytic cycle of a virus
while specialized transduction occur
based on the lysogenic cycle of a virus
and the conversion of lytic lysogeny to
lytic plays a vital role and the DNA
packaging of Faja head ultimately
distinguished between the generalized
transduction and the specialized
transduction so that in a sense is a
major difference between generalized and
specialized transduction I hope this
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