Politics of Planned Development - Humanities/Arts Video Lecture

[Music]
dear students today we are going to
discuss the politics of planned
development which is third chapter of
the book politics in India since
independence for class 12th there are
three important words including the
title of this chapter politics
planned and development it will be
better if we know the meaning of all
these three words so that the whole of
the chapter whole of the concept is
clear
what's development it's very important
to know development the definition of
development the meaning of development
development is economic growth with
social and ecological justice
development is to raise the standard of
living of the people then there is word
plant plan means planning what planning
is even in a smaller unit like home
planning is very necessary what is the
income of the house what is to be spent
on education what amount is to be spent
on food what own electricity and what on
medical bills etc so this type of
planning is done in each and every house
so in a bigger unit like a country
planning is more important we must know
the resources of the country we must
know about the expenditure which is
expected what to be done how to be done
when to be done and who will do it
planning is to avoid the wastage at a
later stage planning is xx split what
will be the benefits of a particular
program what will be the demerits who
will be benefited by these programs and
if this program is not implemented then
what will be the harm so planning
advance is anticipation of the things
which are to happen at a later stage so
planned development is
very essential in the sense that we had
got experience of the great economic
depression of 1930s then during the war
economic reconstruction of Japan and
German and also the success of economic
programs development in the USSR so in
the context of all these three it was
felt by the leadership of India that
planned development should be the target
of this nation development has different
meaning for different people now let me
take case of parisa which is very rich
in iron ore and index lists who is
interested in establishing a industry
will be interested to establish an
industry in Orissa because iron ore is
available there for him
development is establishment of an
industry for urban people development
means availability of Steel
which will be required for many
construction purposes and establishment
and of Industry of Steel will provide
them with the amount of Steel required
for development but a person who is
living in that remote area for Assam
where iron ore is available in abundance
will be feeling differently meaning for
development for that person is different
because if industries established in
that particular area
he may be displaced and the
establishment of industry in that area
may pollute the environment cultural
unification of that particular area may
also be got disturbed so for that
particular man living in that area this
may not be a development so development
means different for different people
then who is to decide about what type of
development should be
done in this country naturally no
experts can be allowed to take decision
about this no scientist can be allowed
to take listen about this because the
ultimate power to decide about
development is in the hands of the
people who are to attain this
development who are the target of this
development so people are to participate
people are to decide about the
development which they require but this
is a big democracy which is being
practiced through representatives so the
representative of the people which are
elected leaders are to decide about the
development of a particular area these
elected leaders from different areas
from Parliament or are there in the
legislative councils so if we look at
the three words politics of planned
development then it is very easy to
understand now that development which
has been planned and which is to be done
through the elected people elected
leaders of the area so in this chapter
we are to study about the politics
meaning by that no expert no scientist
and no economist can decide about the
development of a particular area it is
the people who are living there through
their representatives they are to decide
as to what type of development they
require and what type of development
should be done in that particular area
at the time of Independence there were
two models of development which could be
followed by our country one was pro kept
wrist liberal model of development which
was prevalent in America and many
countries of Europe other was Pro shows
list which was pro
ah common men model of development that
is socialist model of development which
was prevalent in USSR in India most of
the political leaders were in favor of
socialist model of development which was
prevalent in USSR Communist Party of
India shows list party and many leaders
in the Congress
just like Brenda Joanna and Nehru were
in favor of this model and even the big
industries which commonly I assumed that
they are not in favor of government
interference they are in favor of open
market but in India is section of big
industries gathered together after
independence to border on this question
to think about the development and they
drafted a proposal to the government
that planned economy should be the path
of development for this country so this
model of development which was pro
socialist was not a sudden development
but it was well thought and a common
consensus was there on this issue so
planned economy was adopted by this
country but to be very clear we didn't
follow blindly this model and even we
didn't blind rejected that model which
is called capitalist model we selected
the elements of both the models which
were good for the health of this country
which were good for the development of
this country and that's why our economy
is known as mixed economy it is neither
called pro-capitalist neither called
pro-socialist so mixed economy is the
path which we have adopted and on which
we are working since independence on the
basis of this consensus Monday Jalla
Nehru but then Prime Minister of India
constituted the Planning Commission it
was constituted in March 1950 and
it presented its first draft in December
1951 in which more emphasis was laid on
agricultural sector it was thought that
if a Gregorian sector is developed the
whole of the country will develop so
more emphasis more funds were fixed
allotted while agricultural sector in
the second five-year plan this emphasis
shifted to industrial sector why because
in the first five-year plan a lot of
money was spent to help the poor farmers
but result was not inform of more
production production could not be
raised because the land owning farmers
were very influential in political and
social circles so all the land reforms
all the laws made for the benefit of the
poor peasants were just on the paper and
they could not be implemented so it was
thought and more or less Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru was interested in the
industrial development of this nation so
that infrastructure is available for
further development so in second and
third fiber plan more emphasis was laid
on industrial sector and if we look at
all these three five-year plans results
maybe not that satisfactory which one
expected but it is very clear that a
strong foundation for the future
development was laid during these three
five-year plans in 1966 when fourth
five-year plan was to be laid
then country was facing acute problems
in the financial sector in the economic
sector as well as in the agriculture
sector there was famine line condition
in whole of the country particularly
poor areas like Bihar were not having
the sufficient food to feed the
citizens deaths due to starvation for in
the news so at that time
Planning Commission thought of a plan
holiday and it was shifted to some years
during those days it was thought that
some type of program should be
implemented which should give us more
production of rice and wheat because due
to scarcity of food we had to depend
upon help from USA which desired to
influence our economic policies to keep
ourselves safe from the influence of
America
we decided that some programs should be
implemented which should give us more
production of wheat and rice so Green
Revolution was a program which was
introduced it was in nothing new program
but only the emphasis change now help
was given to those farmers which already
were bail off which had got irrigation
facilities so the help given to them in
fact converted itself into more
production and the production of wheat
and rice raised so the problem which we
were facing at the late 1960s was solved
so the second and third five-year plan
which led more investors on
industrialization there was a problem
which was to be faced by the Planning
Commission of that time because heavy
investment was required for installation
and also India at that time was not
technologically developed so we had to
borrow technology we had to purchase
technology from other countries so a lot
of foreign exchange was invested on that
so the problem of agriculture
development increased
this way we will see in the next chapter
that how this problem was solved so at
present we have studied about what is
meant by development participant by
planning and how it was executed in
India and how the three five-year plans
first in 1951 second in 56 and third in
61 which laid stress on agriculture
industry did laid a strong foundation
for the future development and the
present development which you see all
around is a result of that planning
which was made in the earliest years so
this is how we understand about the
politics of planned development in our
country thanks
[Music]