Wave nature of electron - Structure of Atom Video Lecture - Class 11

hello friends this video on structure of
atoms part 30 is brought to you by exam
fear calm no more fear from exam before
watching this video please make sure
that you have watched part 1 to part 12
let's come back to the atomic models
discussing four developments that was
the reason why both came with us Bohr
model the first thing was the dual
character of electromagnetic radiation
this talk was going on very extensively
at that point of time now so they may
experimental results that shows atomic
spectra and these four on these two the
other four 10 have any answer so these
two where the development have happened
that time where the dual character of
electromagnetism exposed and also
experimentally they showed the atomic
spectra these two developments led were
to think about a new model and he came
up with a new model before we discuss
the Bohr model let's discuss about dual
character radiations electromagnet
additions and the atomic spectra let's
start with a dual cried Thomas
electromagnetic predictions let us talk
about the well collector of
electronically radiation what is dwell
character what do you mean by dual
current when you say dual character that
means that particular thing in this case
electromagnet irritation poses both
wave-like and particle-like properties
so what is wave-like in particulate
probably let's see that then you say
wave nature it has properties this
diffraction example if you see this
water also has wave-like property if you
block this water again it follows the
same pattern from the hole so it comes
out like any waves has this diffraction
property we see interference water also
if you see there bubbles water you top
two or three on stones here this waves
come in the interfere these are a common
property of
a veil so wave you think of a we think
of diffraction and interference in a
bigger particle you think of something
like ball you hit the ball you hit the
ball comes back right see you hit the
ball it comes back you hit ball it comes
back
this is what particle does you hit it it
because comes back right so this is what
a particle nature is example if you see
black body radiation x' photoelectric
effect the variation of heat capacity as
temperature the line spectrum these are
all particle nature of electrum
activations these are wave nature of
electromagnetic images we'll discuss all
this in detail this understand that you
know talk about wave you think of
diffraction interference then you talk
about particle you think of a ball you
hate it comes back right so let's talk
about more about the variation of
electron ionization this guy a Maxwell
in 1870 suggested that but any
electrically charged particle please
note it has to be electrically charged
particle and that moves under
acceleration accelerating electric and
magnetic field is produce this
electromagnetic conditions are produced
and these fields are transmitted in the
form of waves and these waves on
electromagnetic wave example light is an
electromagnetic way and you see here the
electric field and the magnetic field
are perpendicular to seen this is my
thread is my electric field and B is my
blue is my my learning and they are
perpendicular to each other and they
vibrate in two mutually perpendicular
planes and the wave nature means it
should show diffraction and interference
behavior and we know that
electromagnetic radiation shows
diffraction and interference and if you
notice that this electromagnetic waves
if you see as I told they have this
electric and magnetic field and they
vibrate mutually perpendicular and
unlike sound waves sound waves if you
see or water waves these electromagnetic
waves they don't require medium and can
move it back so one more property of the
electron relative ale is that it's a way
even the no vertical medium and
frequency it is a frequency and
wavelength zero you
which are used to represent the
electromagnetic radiations and
wavenumber is also used to describe
waves balaam by something but one my
wavelength right the SI unit of
frequency is hurt we have done all this
thing in the past passes that's what I'm
not repeating that but just this is to
make you understand that electromagnetic
wave is of a it has a ratio but that's
obvious so we should not spend much time
on that but it is to be different types
of electromagnetic radiations and this
is like this the electromagnetic
addiction if you see this is my
wavelength Ln starts from 10 to power
minus 6 10 to power 8 and this is my
frequency so we see all the radio waves
which we have they have huge wave length
into the power 4 meter that is as big as
a very huge building this is the
wavelength of a radio waves right and
then we have microwaves infrared waves
and these these are the visible spectrum
we have from red to blue yep you're
right I'm sure we have violet Cindy go
then blue yellow orange red and if you
see this is my wavelengths 750 this is
the rambling in nanometers this is my
whole electromagnetic spectrum it
consists of you start from radio waves
and you end in gamma rays x-rays you
theory is everything is part of
electromagnetic radiation this is my
electromagnetic spectrum if you want to
visualize in this fashion off you can do
that so if you see the wavelength of
radio else's or most 1000 meter all
those sides of a building
if you talk about microwaves size of a
butterfly infrared needlepoint talk
about visible rays sorry and then we
have visible is also very small of
wavelength and high frequency and then
we have gamma rays x-rays gamma rays
their wavelength is very very small at
this guy's and if you notice here the
gamma rays if you see the frequency is
so high very high frequency the
wavelength is so small that even if
there's a wall right it causes that if
there is a thin a big ten or brisket bad
building you cross everything why
because the wavelength is very small
it's at the nuclei level UVA level
x-rays can also cross but if you see the
bones and all it will cross right and
that's why you see it's the atomic level
the size of the x-ray is almost the
wavelength of x rays are almost equal to
the atoms and if you talk about radio
waves only if you see the frequency of
the we have a lot problem that the radio
signals are not going fine so we put a
big antenna and then we get good signals
the reason because the radio signals
have a very long wavelength and very
less frequency they don't have good
penetration power and the wavelength is
very high so it takes it takes time
or it could not cross a building not
properly so yeah the signal problem but
if you have a something of x-rays and
gamma-rays
glue to the knob you don't have much of
the problems that's our body
electromagnetic spectrum let's have one
question why do we see you all when most
of it's empty I have told you that if
you talk about the wall the basic
building block of the wall is adam and
adam we have 99 plus an empty space so
if the basic building block of something
is our time is 99% in this space this
guy also has 99% empty space correct so
you see Ashlee this wall has 99 person
AP space but still VC walls light is not
able to cross light comes back why why
is it so Hey this wall and I see that
annoying person the wall is a face like
goes comes back why this is as good as
this example if she's
named in this menthol so I see the 99%
of the space is empty right my light is
like a cat cat won't be able to cross it
the cat tries to hit it has to come back
but the end is like extra here or my
gamma is here it can cross hope you
understand see the space between these I
had a space if I have like one item I
have I have two atoms like this I am
item right and all are empty actually
all are empty space all my empty space
all my empty space the only space which
the only obstacle they have is dots but
still the light can't pass because light
the light wavelength is much bigger than
this distance they are much bigger
similarly here right this is between
these empty spaces this guy but the cat
can't pass by because the cat is become
this similarly here we have 99% of empty
space but still still we see it because
light can't cross it light bounced back
because the light wavelength in me like
this
this one fig it will not be able to
cross you want beer across this and
that's why he see us but if you pass
this gamma rays here I have a gamma rays
gamma rays will easily cross this gamma
rays will easily cross this account from
here why because gamma rays can cross
this cross this cross is right this
gamma rays wavelength is of the same
range it can cross this gamma is like a
check is a like and it can cross the
same a similar Curie applies it please
understand this is a very critical
concept our people don't think this
won't come in examination but just
should understand why when I talk when I
say that my into my personal space is
empty here the walls has 99% of the
empty space in front of you but you see
the wall the light comes back this is
the reason it's like a net light is like
a cat cat won't cross it but x-ray gamma
rays have a very very small wavelength
very high frequency they can cross this
because the wavelength that you see is
of this range so if you see the x-rays
and gamma-rays
the wavelength of soft atomic and
nuclear level engine these guys can
cross these guys didn't cross at this
level but the light on cross it's very
big there is no chance of radio signal
getting crossed no way hope you
understand this thank you
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