Transformer on Load Video Lecture | Electrical Machines for Electrical Engg. - Electrical Engineering (EE)

Ans. A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It consists of two or more coils, known as windings, which are linked by a magnetic field. When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary winding, it creates a changing magnetic field, which induces a voltage in the secondary winding.

Ans. The main purpose of a transformer in electrical systems is to change the voltage levels of electrical energy. It can step-up or step-down the voltage, depending on the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings. Transformers are used to transmit electrical power efficiently over long distances, match voltage levels between different components of a power system, and provide isolation between high and low voltage circuits.

Ans. There are various types of transformers used in electrical engineering, including: - Power transformers: These transformers are used for transmitting and distributing electrical power. - Distribution transformers: They are responsible for stepping down the voltage from the transmission level to the distribution level. - Instrument transformers: These transformers are used to measure currents and voltages in power systems for protection and control purposes. - Auto-transformers: They have a single winding that serves as both primary and secondary winding, allowing for voltage transformation with fewer windings. - Isolation transformers: They provide electrical isolation between input and output circuits, protecting sensitive equipment from electrical noise and voltage spikes.

Ans. Transformers offer several advantages in electrical systems, including: - Efficient power transmission: Transformers facilitate the efficient transmission of electrical power over long distances, reducing power losses. - Voltage regulation: They help maintain a consistent voltage level, ensuring the proper functioning of electrical equipment. - Voltage transformation: Transformers allow for voltage conversion, enabling the use of different voltage levels for different applications. - Isolation and protection: Isolation transformers provide electrical isolation between circuits, protecting equipment from damage caused by electrical faults and surges. - Compact and reliable: Transformers are compact in size, making them suitable for various applications. They are also known for their reliability and long lifespan.

Ans. Transformers undergo various tests to ensure their performance and efficiency, including: - Turns ratio test: This test verifies the ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding to the number of turns in the secondary winding. - Open circuit test: It measures the core loss and no-load current of the transformer to determine its efficiency. - Short circuit test: This test determines the copper loss and impedance of the transformer under load conditions. - Insulation resistance test: It checks the insulation integrity of the transformer windings. - Temperature rise test: Transformers are subjected to a temperature rise test to ensure they can withstand continuous operation without overheating.