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Seismic Waves: How Earthquake occurs and what causes it Video Lecture - UPSC

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FAQs on Seismic Waves: How Earthquake occurs and what causes it Video Lecture - UPSC

1. What are seismic waves, and how do they contribute to earthquakes?
Ans. Seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the Earth's layers and are generated by earthquakes. These waves are responsible for the destructive effects of earthquakes as they transfer energy from the earthquake's source to the surface. There are three types of seismic waves: primary (P-waves), secondary (S-waves), and surface waves.
2. What causes earthquakes?
Ans. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in seismic waves. This energy release is usually caused by the movement of tectonic plates, which are large sections of the Earth's crust that float on the semi-fluid layer beneath them. When these plates collide, separate, or slide past each other, it generates stress and strain in the crust, leading to earthquakes.
3. How do scientists measure and locate earthquakes?
Ans. Scientists measure and locate earthquakes using seismographs, which are instruments that detect and record seismic waves. These seismographs are strategically placed around the world, forming a network of seismic monitoring stations. By analyzing the arrival times of the seismic waves at different stations, scientists can determine the location and magnitude of an earthquake.
4. Can earthquakes be predicted?
Ans. Currently, scientists are unable to predict earthquakes with precise accuracy. While there are certain precursors that indicate an increased likelihood of an earthquake, such as foreshocks, ground deformation, and changes in groundwater levels, the exact timing, location, and magnitude of an earthquake remain unpredictable. Research is ongoing to improve earthquake forecasting and early warning systems.
5. How do earthquakes impact human beings and the environment?
Ans. Earthquakes can have devastating effects on human beings and the environment. The shaking of the ground can cause buildings and infrastructure to collapse, leading to injuries, casualties, and displacement of populations. The resulting tsunamis, landslides, and aftershocks can further exacerbate the damage. Additionally, earthquakes can disrupt ecosystems, contaminate water sources, and cause long-term environmental changes. Proper preparedness, construction standards, and early warning systems are crucial in mitigating the impact of earthquakes.
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