Acid Base definition Arrhenius, Lowry, Lewis - Equilibrium Video Lecture - Class 11

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watching the video please make sure that
you have watched all the previous parts
so as I do all they have lot of
definitions of acid and base the first
good definition for acid came by Iranian
so he told that according to him the
acid substance which dissociate in water
to give H+ and the base are the one
which produce h- and so his definition
was H+ ion which management one which
gives h+ is the acid one which gives OS
- is based that was his definition of
acid and base it was very popular
definition and the reader the reactions
are like this we have a sale HX will
give h plus and X minus h plus it means
for whose acid and it's also doing that
h plus is very reactive right so it form
hydronium ions so h+ actually is very
reactive it will react with water to
form as 3a plus X this is a reactionary
so normally HX any acid with water it
gives hydronium ions and explain the
actual thing actually happened but h3o
plus if we remove water from that it
becomes h class this is the theoretical
and this is what happens actually right
look that was hence declination
similarly for base if you see mo is a
base which in water gives M plus h minus
ions right and if you see the hydroxide
line which you have passed it also
exists in hydrogen from the exertion but
this is a demerit for this because if
you see everywhere this guy is talking
about at Koh solution right across
origin aqua solution but this definition
that we Islam be given only for adverse
solution they made first that this is up
even only for acquisition and it doesn't
account for the basicity of substance
like ammonia because ammonia is
something we shall not to these hydroxyl
ion but still it is base it will convert
the
litmus paper to blue but this definition
it is very difficult to say where
ammonia is a center page because Emery
has already emotional signs so his
definition was kind of not real concrete
maybe 98 but in the case definition is
correct because motional thing we use
that word solution for chemistry
reaction but that is not true they are
some reactions where we don't have
actors things and they are some say a
reaction with ism gives H - man example
ammonia and that's still a paste so this
definition was not that great
then came on also my lorry that do
people and they gave the definition of
acid in base
they told that acid is a substance that
is capable of donating H+ ions and these
are substances capable of accepting H so
H minus ion was the issue there earlier
if you see their moving against so they
remove the wish - I on the more dovish -
on in part but now they are saying is
something that can accept h+ is based
something which can give h+ serve as it
if you see will give xmas and ways if
you see we take ash base that is what
they do as it will give h+ base will
give a choice these medications so but
this ammonia can easily be said as base
because ammonia in water given is 4 plus
ion OS - right this guy is ammonia is
taking h+ right nh3 became NH 4 plus so
it is a base correct
and with this
bronsted-lowry acid in base the concept
of conjugate acid MV is also case what
is conjugate acid base you see if you
see the base with this base i got 1
conjugate acid right so with the base I
got 2 conjugate acid and then differs
only by h plus ion if you see right
that's why say the acid base pair that
differs only by 1 proton that is
iron is called conjugate acid-base pair
so NF you see n s 3 NH 4 plus ISM as a
base pair here also if you see H 2 and H
- and then they were only by h plus they
are also acid base conjugate acid-base
pair it is acid will be conjugate base
direct base conjugate acid so on ways if
you add as plus it becomes conjugate
acid in acid you subtract as plus it
becomes conjugate base so the rule is
pretty simple the difference is only h
plus iron but on base if you add H plus
then only this guy is having potential
to give edge with right and then it will
become as fancy as it is something I do
not do to the potential you h plus ion
right so in base if you're giving h PL
then only whatever compound you get
example dentistry I gave it added
I gave h plus I mean this the ls3 got
one h plus becomes NH four plus
now NH four plus is not capable of
giving h plus maybe if we give ready to
talk to the reverse reaction NH 4 class
is becoming n is 3 by h n is 4 plus you
just flip the side and a spot class is
giving any cerium is NH 4 plus is a acid
here because as it is something which
gives up toward on sorry so Alice 4 plus
is up as it here Oh H - if you see is a
base because of age - is something you
should accept 1 proton to get to become
God so if you see the reaction from
flipside you see that in the NH 3 takes
h plus becomes n is 4 class and from
here NH 4 plus gives h plus 2 gives n is
3 so if you see from this side n s 3 is
Ave and if you see from this side NH 4
plus is the acid so they have all
conjugate acid because it a for e by h
plus but from a base if you want to make
conjugate acid you do give s cosine and
sine no mass if you want to make
conjugate base you have to remove then
this is more about this in the next few
slides right so - is called conjugate
base of h2o
and NS vocalist has gone conjugate base
of industry as a total and also if this
acid is the strong acid then the
conjugate base is a V please and if the
base is strong right the conjugate acid
is a P so it's the vice versa always so
for a strong acid the conjugate base is
V for a weak acid conjugate base is
strong because I'll tell you and this
three is a weak base somehow it got H+
it becomes a nice pool but this guy if
you see the reverse reaction this guy
will be eager to give one H+ and becomes
an s3 again this guy is more eager to
give H+ Rachel this is less eager to
take H+ but this guy is more eager to
give because unless these little stable
thing right so it's a weak one
these guys less eager to give take one
which class so the V phase but this guy
is more eager to give vegetables back
the system this guy is a strong acid
let's take on more about conjugate
acid-base pair so as I told they differ
only by h plus sign so in acid if you
absolutely anyway give h+ let's let a
chip give s plus so what you get is
conjugate base base no obviously take
edge class let me become conjugate s
right and if my is strong this becomes
me if this is V this become correct
hopefully understand they differ only by
h plus sign and the way you look is
example
NSC is a weak base it is not eager take
H + / Samoyed 2h + now this becomes a
conjugate acid in this guys we more
eager to give press + back so this
becomes strong okay let's take one
question what is mean by conjugate
acid-base pair we just discussed
I had acid-base pair that differs by h
plus spot conjugate acid-base pair and
we define the conjugate acid or base or
this following species hno2 hno2 can
take photon or MVP I think when you give
proton becomes no.2 minus C and - there
is no way it can give proton it has to
take about eight plus this guy is - then
we have HCL for this way also will give
or in the acid I know the new becomes
e.l.f - it can never give forth on
because there is no word on the answer
to add one proton
wash - we know that it generally take 1
h plus 2 becomes flesh - all right then
we have Co 3 - 2 also it can't give any
photon because there is no photon here
you can i swiftly - s - - also it
doesn't have any proton so it will take
1 proton then becomes as just minutes
correct
this is how you create acid based
conjugate here
the questions is we have to find the
conjugate base for these assets to
define conjugate base pairs able to do
you take the acid subtract H+ ions get
on you get this correct definitely
discuss you Digga acid we subtract is
plus sign you get conjugate base so you
have HF you subtract H+ ion you get
equities you have s to so4 you subtract
is plus you get H's in for - we have
hco3 minus you subtract X plus you get
Cu 3 tunes
these are my conjugate is even find the
conjugate acid for the space so I do
taunt or you have to base it takes s
plus sign to get conjugate acid correct
so and it's too - you add or less plus
sign discipline in extreme and it's 3
you add 1x + r/n becomes is what + h co
- you add x + n becomes su these are my
conjugate right the species h2o s co 2
minus x4 - Leslie can act both as acid
and base because it can actually it can
lose put on - game on
find the power scorning acid invisible
so so I have let me write like this is
my conjugate acid that is my on this
right and I have a light on Sun here as
- oh let's see you - H - in so you give
acid to create acid conjugate acid what
you do you have a base to a - plus 9
again only acid right so you can add as
plus 9
so it add s % s 3o h3o plus
together this will become h2 co3 just
adding ash the sign in salute device - a
simple this will become vanish for us
let's take our conjugate base it will
subtract s cuz I'm correct supplied h
plus F of H 2 O this becomes H minus L
subtract H+ ions from this need of cd32
- subcribe S+ from hso4 minus the
compressive won't -
nh3 you subtract - plus in terms
instruments so you see same guys acting
as acid remember if you want to form
conjugate acid you have to supply H+ to
make it acid becomes communist you want
to be in conjugate base take our desk us
to make it conjugate now the question
that comes to our mind is water as a
faster base is a very good question
actually in chemistry
the answer is water is smooth as always
we'll see how sea water and act as as
base because it accepts proton see this
water is a shear it becomes s3 + water
has taken 1 photon from each class
became s3 + so water is the base water
axis acid also because if this for
example if you react water with ammonia
this becomes NH 4 plus that means water
has given one Photon
and it's three angles moments - so water
is good a certain place illicitly once
again so if water you react water the
strong acid water behaves like a base
you react water with a strong base or a
base water behave like acid example you
can react water with ammonia which is
the base were to act like an acid and
news put on you can swoosh - conjugate
filled water going to react with HCL
acid it it gives put on - I mean it
takes proton from each class HCl it
becomes h3o plus and then attack this
base this is very funny chemical
actually water it is both acid and base
and that's my pretty exactly neutral
we'll talk about P is scary normal talk
by this movie so after Iranians we got
Laureen brawls in 10 levels also a
device also gave your concept of axes in
place so in 1923 let's define acid s
spaces which are electron pair acceptor
and base are the one which donates
electron pair he is not for this chapter
we'll be focusing more on the
bronsted-lowry acid days where it
accepts h+ in which almost not be
focusing were and I had this line with
Alevis acid and base but since we're
studying the history of Assam base we
have about this there the Levis acids
something
Jack sepsis electron pair and the basis
of the image donates electron pair and
this was done because they have the
demerit for the Bronson and Lori asked
some ways because bf3 if you see doesn't
have any proton at all but still act as
acid is it reacts with ammonia and it
accepts the lone pair of electrons this
is something which
is asset but the the early definitions
of acid could not prove it is a spoon
the litmus paper was moving it is acid
but the definitions where the early
definitions were not able to prove it so
if you see this the bf3 is an s3 it
thinks the lone pair becomes this it
accepts the will take some example of
Lewis acid in Bayesian classifier the
species in to Levis s in base and so how
this reacts with suppose our OS - is
what its base why because Jewish - will
take the edge plus 2 becomes HT f - it
also the base by base because F - fill
also even if you react with bf3 inform
bf3 active expressly comes as expected
each class is acid it does react X plus
1 over H minus 2 terms of edge to it
bcl3 the tricky part this guy is acid
like bf3
because v CL 3 + NH 3 you see how it
works in this because of H 3 and we see
a it accepts the electrons here
so this the lemma says it is the best
definition for acid and based but crash
after will not be using this definition
belief taking valid definition let's
take some pushes know which are the
followings are Lewis acid so H 2 is
little bf3 is acid especially acid NH 4
plus loss
director H+ nan will take ionization of
acid and so we have already discussed
this actually
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