Organic Chemsitry - Functional Groups Made Easy Video Lecture - Class 11

hi my name is Frank and I work here that
they use ERC also known as the
educational resource center today I just
thought I wanted to show you guys how I
think about functional groups and show
you some tips and tricks to the
memorizing them so that when exam day
comes you guys won't be sitting there
and thinking like oh is it a beam or is
it a my is ether or ester okay so
hopefully you guys can find something
called useful out of this okay distorted
off let's talk about alkanes alkenes and
alkynes
so alkanes basically are are just
carbons bonded to carbons but with just
a single block and then alkenes is just
one step more complicated they're just
our facilities bondage of Gardens but
now I'm gonna have a double bond and
then for alkynes they're just the next
step more complicated their carbons
triple bond each other okay and on an
odd the exam if they want me to
differentiate between alkane alkane
alkynes and I would say let's say they
had like a matching and they gave me
these dirty and easy on the side trip I
thought it to remember them was looking
at the a and alkane the e and alkenes
and the y and
so I just think of it as a comes first
and alphabet so that must be doesn't
live on e comes next on the alphabet so
the blonde
y comes last on alphabet so let's make
sure the line okay next is now alcohol
menu wanted the easier booster you guys
remember because it's just a carbon
chain with your Oh H you guys have
probably seen this in high school does
not just remember it as yet a carbon
chain and then you have your oxygen
bonded to hydrogen
okay next is the aldehyde
now the aldehyde functional group is
basically just a carbon with oxygen up
here
that's double wanted to and just refuse
your references
this is called a carbonyl and this
little community or lessons in order to
so it's a vigilance remember it's called
a carbonyl so aldehyde has a carbon
bonded to an oxygen and then a carving
to the left and then you have a hydrogen
right here and that's it so alcohol is
just H aldehyde it's just the carbon
double bonded so go with hydrogen and a
carbon chain and over there go more
complicated so the next one that I think
of is carboxylic acid
and so when I come to carboxylic acids I
kind of think of it as a fusion between
an alcohol and an aldehyde so if I need
to draw it on the spot the structure I
just draw the alcohol functional group
right and then I bring in the aldehyde
component which is the carbon the one
zero and the carbon so you see how I
brought in the alcohol that's a
carboxylic acid
no more complicated the next to that a
lot of people get confused as admins and
allies so I'm going to show you the I
mean purse so the I mean functional
group is essentially just a nitrogen
with hydrogen and carbon chain now on a
demeans they can actually have carbon
chains here and here as well but this is
just going to be like examples that show
you
and a way you could think about it is I
mean sort of like amino acids they're
the most simplest subunits of a protein
so that means nice and simple just the
nitrogen upon it to a carbon and next I
need a mine
so once again I kind of kind of go back
to my table height so just like before
I'm going to draw the end down here
nitrogen and then and then once again I
bring back this
my garbage okay so that's okay it's up
cleaning the clients alcohols aldehydes
carboxylic acid and so a means there's
simpler than amides
okay next ethers and esters I got these
confused and I realize it's not that guy
there's just little tricks that you use
to differentiate two so for ether when
you think of either
ether I kind of think of the word either
or either and the structure is basically
an oxygen with carbons on either side
and then both those carbons are just the
carnitine they can change depending on
different users so you don't worry about
that yeah so on to the ether sorry I
like blue similar but this is a Luthor
and this is
Esther now the Esther is just a little
bit more complicated than either I do I
did before
and I bring anything either then I bring
a light component again excluding date
but one small difference is this time
instead of bringing in the carbon I use
the carbon from so that's your Esther
okay it's more complicated than thir and
you can use the trick ether like either
another one that oh so we went over to
functional groups with nitrogen before
I'm going to go over one that's going to
be my trials
so nine trials are just a carving and
you can look at the name of the
functional group has trying so I want to
see that I immediately think of triple
bond so carbon equal bonding to the end
and at some time it's just written as
this and it's implied but the moment you
see a CA just know to yourself
immediately it's going to be carbon
triple bond
book
dials so dials are basically the same as
alcohol but you have a sulfur instead of
the oxygen that and they both end the
same way
so maybe no company in obstruction viola
and there is bio ethers and sometimes
your professor not : just so value
thirds are once again easy either and go
either so you'll come back this
structure but now because it's a file
here like before you switch the O with
an S then keep punching that's about
either the last thing the last thing are
lusting is air so bearings when I see
the very interesting code and that's
basically with your they're just rings
but they have double bonds
so like this bendy and I'm sure you can
use to remember earrings is that they
have double bonds so they have the being
part in their name like options so you
kind of think you could kind of think of
it like a ring of alkenes
okay hope that helps you you guys have
anything else that you you'd like needs
to try to explain feel free to post a
comment or something
if you have any creases and suggestions
feel free to yeah all right good luck
okay if you like we just saw and I found
this helpful
you want more feel free to check out the
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