1. What is sociology and why is it important?

Ans. Sociology is the scientific study of society, human social behavior, and the patterns and structures that shape social interactions. It helps us understand how social relationships and institutions influence individuals and groups within a society. Sociology is important because it provides insights into social issues, helps us analyze social problems, and informs public policies and decision-making processes.

2. What are the major theoretical perspectives in sociology?

Ans. There are three major theoretical perspectives in sociology: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Functionalism focuses on the interdependence of social institutions and how they contribute to the stability and functioning of society. Conflict theory emphasizes social inequality and the power struggles between different groups in society. Symbolic interactionism examines how individuals interact and create meaning through shared symbols and language.

3. How does sociology contribute to social change?

Ans. Sociology contributes to social change by examining social issues, inequalities, and injustices within society. Through research and analysis, sociologists identify patterns of social behavior and bring attention to issues that require change. They provide evidence-based insights and recommendations to policymakers, activists, and organizations working towards social transformation. Sociological research also helps raise awareness and promotes understanding of social problems among the general public.

4. What are some key research methods used in sociology?

Ans. Sociology uses a variety of research methods to collect and analyze data. Some common methods include surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, and secondary data analysis. Surveys involve asking individuals a set of structured questions to gather information on their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Interviews allow for more in-depth exploration of a topic by engaging in conversation with individuals or groups. Observations involve directly observing and documenting social behavior in natural or controlled settings. Experiments manipulate variables to test causal relationships. Secondary data analysis involves analyzing existing data collected by other researchers or organizations.

5. How does sociology contribute to our understanding of social inequality?

Ans. Sociology plays a crucial role in understanding social inequality by examining its causes, consequences, and patterns within society. Sociologists study various forms of inequality, such as economic disparities, racial and ethnic inequalities, gender inequalities, and social class divisions. Through research and analysis, sociology helps identify the structural factors and social processes that contribute to inequality. It also sheds light on the impacts of inequality on individuals and groups, and how it intersects with other social categories. This knowledge is essential for developing strategies and policies to address and reduce social inequality.

Sociology 2020 - Basics of Sociology Video Lecture - Sociology Mains Optional for UPSC 2025

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