Mendel's Law of Inheritance Video Lecture | Biology Class 12 - NEET

Ans. Mendel's Law of Inheritance, also known as Mendelian inheritance, is a set of principles formulated by Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, based on his experiments with pea plants in the 19th century. It describes how traits are passed on from parents to offspring through genetic inheritance.

Ans. The three main principles of Mendel's Law of Inheritance are: 1. Principle of Segregation: Each individual has two alleles for a particular trait, and these alleles segregate during gamete formation, with each gamete receiving only one allele. 2. Principle of Independent Assortment: The alleles for different traits segregate independently of each other during gamete formation. In other words, the inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another trait. 3. Principle of Dominance: In a pair of alleles, one allele may be dominant over the other, determining the physical expression of a trait, while the other allele is recessive and remains hidden in the presence of the dominant allele.

Ans. Gregor Mendel discovered his laws of inheritance through a series of experiments with pea plants. He meticulously crossbred different varieties of peas, studying traits such as flower color, seed shape, and plant height. By carefully observing the patterns of trait inheritance in multiple generations of pea plants, he was able to formulate the principles that make up Mendel's Law of Inheritance.

Ans. Mendel's Law of Inheritance laid the foundation for the modern understanding of genetics. It provided a clear and systematic explanation for how traits are inherited from one generation to the next. Mendel's work demonstrated the existence of discrete units of inheritance (now known as genes) and their predictable patterns of transmission. His laws formed the basis for the field of genetics and contributed greatly to our understanding of heredity in both plants and animals.

Ans. While Mendel's Laws were initially derived from experiments with pea plants, they are applicable to a wide range of organisms, including animals and humans. The basic principles of segregation, independent assortment, and dominance hold true for most sexually reproducing organisms. However, there are some exceptions and complexities in certain cases, such as incomplete dominance, codominance, and polygenic inheritance, which involve traits that do not strictly follow Mendelian patterns. Nonetheless, Mendel's Laws provide a solid foundation for understanding inheritance in many organisms.