FAQs on Metallurgy in One Shot (NCERT)

Question 1

1. What is metallurgy?

Accepted Answer

Metallurgy is the scientific study and extraction of metals from their ores, as well as the processing and refining of metals to obtain useful products. It involves various processes such as mining, crushing, grinding, and smelting to separate the metal from the ore.

Question 2

2. What are the different types of metallurgical processes?

Accepted Answer

There are several types of metallurgical processes, including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrometallurgy, and bioleaching. Pyrometallurgy involves high-temperature processes like smelting and roasting. Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous solutions to extract metals from ores. Electrometallurgy utilizes electrolysis to obtain pure metals. Bioleaching involves the use of microorganisms to extract metals from ores.

Question 3

3. How is iron extracted in metallurgy?

Accepted Answer

Iron is commonly extracted through the process of smelting in metallurgy. Iron ore, usually in the form of hematite or magnetite, is first crushed and then concentrated through gravity separation or magnetic separation. The concentrated ore is then smelted in a furnace along with coke (carbon) and limestone. The intense heat of the furnace reduces the iron ore to molten iron, which is then cast into various forms.

Question 4

4. What is an alloy in metallurgy?

Accepted Answer

An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals, or a metal with a non-metal. Alloys are created in metallurgy to enhance the properties of the individual metals, such as strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, or conductivity. Common examples of alloys include steel (iron and carbon), bronze (copper and tin), and brass (copper and zinc).

Question 5

5. How is corrosion prevented in metallurgy?

Accepted Answer

Corrosion can be prevented in metallurgy through various methods. Some common techniques include coating the metal surface with a protective layer, such as paint or a corrosion-resistant metal like zinc (galvanization). Another method is to use sacrificial anodes, where a more reactive metal is connected to the metal to be protected, and it corrodes instead. Additionally, controlling the environment, such as reducing humidity or acidity, can also help prevent corrosion.

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