Ans. An acid is a chemical substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+) or protons in a chemical reaction. It is characterized by its sour taste, ability to turn blue litmus paper red, and ability to react with bases to form salt and water.

Ans. A base is a chemical substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) or donates hydroxide ions (OH-) in a chemical reaction. It is characterized by its bitter taste, ability to turn red litmus paper blue, and ability to react with acids to form salt and water.

3. How do acids and bases react with each other?

Ans. Acids and bases react with each other in a chemical reaction called neutralization. During neutralization, the hydrogen ions from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions from the base to form water (H2O), while the remaining ions combine to form a salt.

4. What are some common examples of acids and bases?

Ans. Common examples of acids include lemon juice (citric acid), vinegar (acetic acid), and hydrochloric acid. Common examples of bases include baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide), and ammonia.

5. What are the differences between strong acids and weak acids?

Ans. Strong acids completely dissociate in water, releasing a high concentration of hydrogen ions. Examples of strong acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Weak acids, on the other hand, only partially dissociate in water, resulting in a lower concentration of hydrogen ions. Examples of weak acids include acetic acid (CH3COOH) and carbonic acid (H2CO3).

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