ACT Exam > ACT Videos > Biology for ACT > Cell Cycle & its Phases
Cell Cycle & its Phases Video Lecture | Biology for ACT
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FAQs on Cell Cycle & its Phases Video Lecture - Biology for ACT
| 1. What is the cell cycle and what are its phases? |  |
Ans. The cell cycle refers to the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and the formation of two daughter cells. The cell cycle consists of four main phases: G1 (gap phase 1), S (synthesis phase), G2 (gap phase 2), and M (mitotic phase). During G1, the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. S phase involves DNA replication, where the genetic material is duplicated. In G2, the cell continues to grow and prepares for cell division. Finally, M phase includes mitosis, where the duplicated DNA is divided equally between the two daughter cells.
| 2. What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle? | |
Ans. The G1 phase, also known as gap phase 1, is the first phase of the cell cycle. During this phase, the cell grows in size and prepares for DNA replication. It synthesizes proteins and organelles required for cell division. The G1 phase is a crucial checkpoint where the cell checks for any DNA damage or other anomalies. If everything is normal, the cell proceeds to the S phase for DNA replication. If there are any issues, the cell may enter a resting state called G0 or undergo programmed cell death.
| 3. What is the significance of DNA replication during the S phase of the cell cycle? | |
Ans. The S phase, or synthesis phase, is the stage of the cell cycle where DNA replication takes place. DNA replication is crucial as it ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. It involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix, separation of the strands, and the synthesis of new complementary strands. DNA replication occurs with high accuracy, thanks to various proofreading and repair mechanisms. Without proper DNA replication during the S phase, the resulting daughter cells may have incomplete or damaged genetic material.
| 4. What happens during the M phase of the cell cycle? | |
Ans. The M phase, or mitotic phase, is the final phase of the cell cycle. It includes mitosis, the process of dividing the duplicated genetic material and other cellular components equally between the two daughter cells. Mitosis consists of several stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase, the chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, and the spindle apparatus forms. In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the cell's equator. Anaphase involves the separation of sister chromatids, and telophase marks the formation of two new nuclei. Finally, cytokinesis occurs, dividing the cytoplasm and completing cell division.
| 5. What is the importance of the G2 phase in the cell cycle? | |
Ans. The G2 phase, or gap phase 2, is a critical stage in the cell cycle. It follows DNA replication in the S phase and precedes mitosis in the M phase. During G2, the cell continues to grow, synthesizes necessary proteins, and prepares for cell division. The G2 phase acts as another checkpoint where the cell ensures that DNA replication has occurred correctly and that there are no lingering errors or damage. If any issues are detected, the cell cycle may be arrested, allowing for DNA repair or triggering programmed cell death. The G2 phase also helps coordinate the transition from DNA replication to mitosis, ensuring proper cell division.
Text Transcript from Video
0:0:0: did you know that it all started with
0:0:2: just one cell
0:0:3: we started our journey on this Earth
0:0:5: with a single cell and now here we are
0:0:8: with around 30 trillion cells making up
0:0:10: a complete human
0:0:12: it's pretty amazing isn't it
0:0:15: it's true not only humans but all living
0:0:18: organisms on earth begin their life from
0:0:20: a single cell so now you might have
0:0:23: another question that how do some
0:0:24: organisms grow over time While others
0:0:27: like amoeba remain as single cells and
0:0:29: not grow at all
0:0:31: well it's quite simple
0:0:34: microorganisms exist as single-celled
0:0:37: organisms while larger organisms that
0:0:39: grow over time are multicellular
0:0:42: that's because they multiply their cells
0:0:44: which makes them big enough for us to
0:0:46: see with the naked eye
0:0:48: but have you ever thought about how a
0:0:51: single cell can become multicellular
0:0:53: it's a fascinating process and it all
0:0:56: starts with a cell cycle and cell
0:0:58: division and in this video we will be
0:1:1: discussing the concept of the cell cycle
0:1:3: only
0:1:4: this is a pretty important topic for
0:1:6: Nate and there are usually around seven
0:1:8: to eight questions asked from this
0:1:11: chapter on the exam
0:1:13: so let's get started by understanding
0:1:15: the definition of the cell cycle
0:1:18: the cell cycle is a series of steps that
0:1:20: involves cell growth duplication of
0:1:22: genetic material and cell division
0:1:25: resulting into identical cells
0:1:28: in other words a cell goes through
0:1:30: different steps to grow copy its DNA and
0:1:33: divide into two or four new cells
0:1:36: this is what we call the cell cycle
0:1:39: now let's take a look at the definition
0:1:41: of cell cycle given by ncrt
0:1:45: the sequence of events by which a cell
0:1:47: duplicates its genome synthesize the
0:1:49: other constituents of the cell and
0:1:51: eventually divides into two daughter
0:1:53: cells is termed cell cycle
0:1:56: also you can learn this chapter through
0:1:58: ncrt Solutions ncrt exemplars and
0:2:2: revision nodes which are available in
0:2:4: the edurev app
0:2:6: pretty simple to understand now right
0:2:9: now let's move on and understand what
0:2:12: exactly is cell division
0:2:14: so as the name suggests cell division is
0:2:17: a process in which a single parent cell
0:2:19: divides into either two identical cells
0:2:22: or four cells each with half the number
0:2:24: of chromosomes so can we say that the
0:2:26: process of cell division is a part of
0:2:28: the cell cycle
0:2:30: that's right that's how it is
0:2:33: now tell me one thing do all the cells
0:2:36: divide in the same way
0:2:38: think about it
0:2:40: no way
0:2:41: every cell in our body has a different
0:2:44: tendency to grow and divide so
0:2:46: definitely not
0:2:48: some cells divide throughout their
0:2:50: lifetime While others don't
0:2:52: like our skin cells are constantly busy
0:2:55: replacing themselves due to Everyday
0:2:57: wear and tear they divide very
0:3:0: frequently while our nerve cells once
0:3:3: formed remain steady never dividing
0:3:6: again
0:3:7: now getting back to the cell cycle as
0:3:10: the name suggests the process occurs in
0:3:12: phases or stages the series of steps
0:3:14: that repeat in cyclic manner but for our
0:3:17: convenience we majorly divide a cell
0:3:19: cycle into two phases
0:3:21: the first phase is called the interface
0:3:23: and the next is the m phase which
0:3:25: represents either mitotic or meiotic
0:3:28: phase let's have a quick look at these
0:3:30: phases the interface prepares the cell
0:3:33: for cell division hence it's also called
0:3:35: the Preparatory phase
0:3:37: in this phase the cell grows and makes a
0:3:40: copy of its genetic material the DNA on
0:3:43: the other hand the end phase is a
0:3:45: dividing phase of the cell cycle
0:3:47: it carries out the task of actual cell
0:3:50: division after going through a series of
0:3:52: steps the cell first divides the nucleus
0:3:55: into two sets followed by the division
0:3:57: of the cytoplasm
0:3:59: this gives rise to two identical
0:4:1: daughter cells and this process of cell
0:4:3: division is called mitosis
0:4:6: similarly If instead of ones a parent
0:4:9: cell divides twice to give four daughter
0:4:11: cells each with half the amount of
0:4:13: genetic material compared to the parent
0:4:15: cells
0:4:16: this type of division is called meiosis
0:4:19: which is useful in the production of
0:4:21: gametes now come to think of it
0:4:23: preparing a meal is no different than
0:4:26: preparing a cell for division
0:4:28: the interface the stage where the cell
0:4:31: prepares itself for division can take a
0:4:33: lot longer than the division itself
0:4:36: just like when we are preparing a meal
0:4:38: getting all the ingredients ready can
0:4:41: take much longer than the actual cooking
0:4:44: the same goes for the most crucial and
0:4:46: challenging tasks like division of the
0:4:48: nucleus and cytoplasm the cell takes a
0:4:51: lot of time to prepare for the division
0:4:54: so while the interface and the M phase
0:4:57: might not have the same duration the
0:4:59: interface usually lasts much longer
0:5:1: making it the more time consuming phase
0:5:4: you will be amazed to learn that the
0:5:7: interface consumes 95 of the time it
0:5:10: takes for one cell cycle to complete
0:5:12: that's because during the interface all
0:5:15: the necessary functions like growth
0:5:17: duplication of genetic material
0:5:19: synthesis of new compounds and
0:5:21: organelles occur
0:5:23: and the M phase which is a part of the
0:5:25: cycle when new cells are formed only
0:5:28: takes up the remaining five percent of
0:5:30: the time we hope that you have
0:5:32: understood the topic
0:5:33: now here is a secret on how you can
0:5:36: study effectively with the edge of app
0:5:39: you can learn with chapter notes watch
0:5:41: video lectures and solve ncrt based McQ
0:5:45: tests of this chapter on eduriff
0:5:48: thank you
0:0:2: just one cell
0:0:3: we started our journey on this Earth
0:0:5: with a single cell and now here we are
0:0:8: with around 30 trillion cells making up
0:0:10: a complete human
0:0:12: it's pretty amazing isn't it
0:0:15: it's true not only humans but all living
0:0:18: organisms on earth begin their life from
0:0:20: a single cell so now you might have
0:0:23: another question that how do some
0:0:24: organisms grow over time While others
0:0:27: like amoeba remain as single cells and
0:0:29: not grow at all
0:0:31: well it's quite simple
0:0:34: microorganisms exist as single-celled
0:0:37: organisms while larger organisms that
0:0:39: grow over time are multicellular
0:0:42: that's because they multiply their cells
0:0:44: which makes them big enough for us to
0:0:46: see with the naked eye
0:0:48: but have you ever thought about how a
0:0:51: single cell can become multicellular
0:0:53: it's a fascinating process and it all
0:0:56: starts with a cell cycle and cell
0:0:58: division and in this video we will be
0:1:1: discussing the concept of the cell cycle
0:1:3: only
0:1:4: this is a pretty important topic for
0:1:6: Nate and there are usually around seven
0:1:8: to eight questions asked from this
0:1:11: chapter on the exam
0:1:13: so let's get started by understanding
0:1:15: the definition of the cell cycle
0:1:18: the cell cycle is a series of steps that
0:1:20: involves cell growth duplication of
0:1:22: genetic material and cell division
0:1:25: resulting into identical cells
0:1:28: in other words a cell goes through
0:1:30: different steps to grow copy its DNA and
0:1:33: divide into two or four new cells
0:1:36: this is what we call the cell cycle
0:1:39: now let's take a look at the definition
0:1:41: of cell cycle given by ncrt
0:1:45: the sequence of events by which a cell
0:1:47: duplicates its genome synthesize the
0:1:49: other constituents of the cell and
0:1:51: eventually divides into two daughter
0:1:53: cells is termed cell cycle
0:1:56: also you can learn this chapter through
0:1:58: ncrt Solutions ncrt exemplars and
0:2:2: revision nodes which are available in
0:2:4: the edurev app
0:2:6: pretty simple to understand now right
0:2:9: now let's move on and understand what
0:2:12: exactly is cell division
0:2:14: so as the name suggests cell division is
0:2:17: a process in which a single parent cell
0:2:19: divides into either two identical cells
0:2:22: or four cells each with half the number
0:2:24: of chromosomes so can we say that the
0:2:26: process of cell division is a part of
0:2:28: the cell cycle
0:2:30: that's right that's how it is
0:2:33: now tell me one thing do all the cells
0:2:36: divide in the same way
0:2:38: think about it
0:2:40: no way
0:2:41: every cell in our body has a different
0:2:44: tendency to grow and divide so
0:2:46: definitely not
0:2:48: some cells divide throughout their
0:2:50: lifetime While others don't
0:2:52: like our skin cells are constantly busy
0:2:55: replacing themselves due to Everyday
0:2:57: wear and tear they divide very
0:3:0: frequently while our nerve cells once
0:3:3: formed remain steady never dividing
0:3:6: again
0:3:7: now getting back to the cell cycle as
0:3:10: the name suggests the process occurs in
0:3:12: phases or stages the series of steps
0:3:14: that repeat in cyclic manner but for our
0:3:17: convenience we majorly divide a cell
0:3:19: cycle into two phases
0:3:21: the first phase is called the interface
0:3:23: and the next is the m phase which
0:3:25: represents either mitotic or meiotic
0:3:28: phase let's have a quick look at these
0:3:30: phases the interface prepares the cell
0:3:33: for cell division hence it's also called
0:3:35: the Preparatory phase
0:3:37: in this phase the cell grows and makes a
0:3:40: copy of its genetic material the DNA on
0:3:43: the other hand the end phase is a
0:3:45: dividing phase of the cell cycle
0:3:47: it carries out the task of actual cell
0:3:50: division after going through a series of
0:3:52: steps the cell first divides the nucleus
0:3:55: into two sets followed by the division
0:3:57: of the cytoplasm
0:3:59: this gives rise to two identical
0:4:1: daughter cells and this process of cell
0:4:3: division is called mitosis
0:4:6: similarly If instead of ones a parent
0:4:9: cell divides twice to give four daughter
0:4:11: cells each with half the amount of
0:4:13: genetic material compared to the parent
0:4:15: cells
0:4:16: this type of division is called meiosis
0:4:19: which is useful in the production of
0:4:21: gametes now come to think of it
0:4:23: preparing a meal is no different than
0:4:26: preparing a cell for division
0:4:28: the interface the stage where the cell
0:4:31: prepares itself for division can take a
0:4:33: lot longer than the division itself
0:4:36: just like when we are preparing a meal
0:4:38: getting all the ingredients ready can
0:4:41: take much longer than the actual cooking
0:4:44: the same goes for the most crucial and
0:4:46: challenging tasks like division of the
0:4:48: nucleus and cytoplasm the cell takes a
0:4:51: lot of time to prepare for the division
0:4:54: so while the interface and the M phase
0:4:57: might not have the same duration the
0:4:59: interface usually lasts much longer
0:5:1: making it the more time consuming phase
0:5:4: you will be amazed to learn that the
0:5:7: interface consumes 95 of the time it
0:5:10: takes for one cell cycle to complete
0:5:12: that's because during the interface all
0:5:15: the necessary functions like growth
0:5:17: duplication of genetic material
0:5:19: synthesis of new compounds and
0:5:21: organelles occur
0:5:23: and the M phase which is a part of the
0:5:25: cycle when new cells are formed only
0:5:28: takes up the remaining five percent of
0:5:30: the time we hope that you have
0:5:32: understood the topic
0:5:33: now here is a secret on how you can
0:5:36: study effectively with the edge of app
0:5:39: you can learn with chapter notes watch
0:5:41: video lectures and solve ncrt based McQ
0:5:45: tests of this chapter on eduriff
0:5:48: thank you
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Nov 22, 2024 Last updated |
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