The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - II Video Lecture - Social Studies (SST)

0:0:0: welcome to the second part of the
0:0:2: chapter rise of nationalism in Europe
0:0:5: in the previous edurev video we
0:0:8: discussed the vision of a world of
0:0:10: democratic and Social Republics the
0:0:13: French Revolution and the idea of a
0:0:15: nation and the making of nationalism in
0:0:18: Europe
0:0:19: let us now continue with the remaining
0:0:21: part of the chapter in the early 19th
0:0:24: century people were living in a time
0:0:27: when their country was not their own and
0:0:29: the government was oppressive
0:0:31: what would they do how far would they go
0:0:34: to fight for their freedom these were
0:0:37: the questions facing people across
0:0:39: Europe the age of revolution saw a wave
0:0:42: of change sweep across the continent
0:0:45: with revolutions breaking out in various
0:0:47: countries
0:0:49: from France to Greece people stood up
0:0:51: for their rights and fought for their
0:0:53: independence
0:0:55: so in this video we'll explore the
0:0:58: events of the age of revolutions
0:1:1: we will discuss about first the age of
0:1:4: revolutions
0:1:6: 1830-1848 or the ordinary people who
0:1:9: were affected by these changes
0:1:12: second the Romantic imagination and
0:1:15: National feeling or the role of culture
0:1:17: and language
0:1:19: third Hunger hardship and popular Revolt
0:1:22: or how did they cope with Rising prices
0:1:25: bad harvests and poverty
0:1:28: 4th 1848 the revolution of the liberals
0:1:32: or what role did they play in the
0:1:34: revolutions That Shook Europe to its
0:1:36: core
0:1:37: let us now start with the first topic
0:1:40: the age of revolutions 1830-1848
0:1:45: in the early 19th century the ideas of
0:1:48: liberalism and nationalism were
0:1:50: spreading rapidly across Europe igniting
0:1:53: a fire of revolution in many regions
0:1:56: the Italian and German states the
0:1:59: provinces of the Ottoman Empire Ireland
0:2:2: and Poland were all swept up in this
0:2:4: wave of change
0:2:6: but it was in France where the first
0:2:8: upheaval took place in July 1830.
0:2:12: the liberal revolutionaries installed a
0:2:15: constitutional monarchy under Luis
0:2:17: Felipe marking a significant shift in
0:2:19: the country's political landscape
0:2:22: it was a momentous shift that marked a
0:2:25: turning point in French history
0:2:27: meanwhile nationalist feelings were also
0:2:30: on the rise particularly among the
0:2:33: educated Elite in Europe
0:2:35: the Greek war of Independence was one
0:2:38: such event that mobilized these
0:2:40: sentiments
0:2:41: the Greeks had been struggling for their
0:2:44: independence since 1821 and their cause
0:2:47: was supported by none other than the
0:2:49: English poet Lord Byron
0:2:52: Yes you heard that right Byron not only
0:2:56: organized funds to help the Greeks but
0:2:58: he also went to fight in the war himself
0:3:2: unfortunately he died of fever in 1824
0:3:6: but his legacy lives on
0:3:8: finally after a long and hard-fought
0:3:11: struggle the Treaty of Constantinople of
0:3:14: 1832 recognized Greece as an independent
0:3:17: nation
0:3:18: this was a significant victory for the
0:3:21: Greeks and a witness to the power of
0:3:23: revolutionary nationalism
0:3:26: but it wasn't just the educated Elite
0:3:28: who were affected by these changes
0:3:31: the 1830s saw a rise in prices bad
0:3:35: harvests and poverty in Europe which led
0:3:38: to widespread unrest
0:3:40: even the middle classes who were usually
0:3:43: more comfortable were affected by these
0:3:45: hardships and joined in the revolt
0:3:48: now let's move on to the second topic
0:3:51: that is the Romantic imagination and
0:3:54: National feeling
0:3:55: do you know that even culture had a very
0:3:58: crucial role in shaping the idea of the
0:4:0: nation during the 19th century in Europe
0:4:4: art poetry stories and music helped
0:4:7: Express and shaped nationalist feelings
0:4:9: that people had for their own country
0:4:12: have you ever heard of Romanticism
0:4:15: it was a cultural movement that sought
0:4:17: to develop a particular form of
0:4:19: nationalist sentiment
0:4:22: The Romantics believed that each country
0:4:24: had its unique spirit that could be
0:4:26: expressed through art and culture
0:4:29: for instance the German philosopher
0:4:31: Johan gottfried-herder claimed that true
0:4:34: German culture could be discovered among
0:4:36: the common people
0:4:38: it was through folk songs folk poetry
0:4:41: and folk dances that the true Spirit of
0:4:43: the nation was popularized
0:4:46: but it wasn't just music that played a
0:4:49: role in developing nationalist
0:4:50: sentiments
0:4:52: language also played an essential role
0:4:55: in developing nationalist sentiments in
0:4:58: Russia the Russian language was imposed
0:5:1: everywhere and this led to an armed
0:5:3: revolt against Russian rule in 1831
0:5:6: which was ultimately crushed
0:5:9: the use of Polish came to be seen as a
0:5:12: symbol of the struggle against Russian
0:5:14: dominance
0:5:15: so to conclude these multiple factors
0:5:18: played a critical role in bringing the
0:5:20: people and uniting them for a common
0:5:22: goal
0:5:23: as we have understood the role of
0:5:25: culture and language it's time to move
0:5:28: on to the third one which is hunger
0:5:31: hardship and popular revolt
0:5:34: also do you know that cbse repeats
0:5:37: previous questions in board exams
0:5:40: so while studying any topic you can also
0:5:43: practice previous year's question papers
0:5:46: to understand the level and the variety
0:5:48: of questions that are asked in the exam
0:5:51: you can find past us papers as well as
0:5:54: their Solutions on edurav let us step
0:5:57: back in time as we put light on some of
0:5:59: the economic hardships that Europe and
0:6:1: common people in Europe faced during the
0:6:4: 19th century
0:6:5: it was a time of enormous change and
0:6:8: growth but it also brought with it some
0:6:10: significant challenges
0:6:13: during the first half of the 19th
0:6:15: century there was a massive increase in
0:6:18: population all over Europe
0:6:20: people from rural areas moved to the
0:6:23: cities to find work but often ended up
0:6:25: living in overcrowded slums
0:6:28: small producers in towns faced stiff
0:6:31: competition from cheap machine-made
0:6:33: Goods imported from England where
0:6:35: industrialization was more advanced than
0:6:38: on the continent
0:6:39: but that's not all in regions of Europe
0:6:43: where the aristocracy still enjoyed
0:6:45: power peasants struggled under the
0:6:47: burden of feudal dues and obligations
0:6:51: the rise of food prices or a year of bad
0:6:54: Harvest led to widespread poverty in
0:6:56: towns and the countryside
0:6:58: in 1848 Paris was brought to its knees
0:7:2: by a food shortage and widespread
0:7:4: unemployment leading to protests in the
0:7:7: streets
0:7:8: however people didn't just sit back and
0:7:11: accept their fate in life
0:7:13: they fought back against the economic
0:7:16: hardships that they faced in 1845
0:7:19: Weavers in Silesia led a revolt against
0:7:22: contractors who supplied them with raw
0:7:24: materials and gave them orders for
0:7:26: finished textiles but drastically
0:7:28: reduced their payments
0:7:30: as you can see Europe faced significant
0:7:33: economic challenges during the 19th
0:7:36: century
0:7:37: it was a time of great change and people
0:7:40: were determined to make a better life
0:7:42: for themselves and their families
0:7:45: as we come to the end of this topic
0:7:47: let's take a moment to reflect on the
0:7:49: year
0:7:50: 1848 the revolution of the Liberals
0:7:54: during 1848 Europe was in the midst of a
0:7:58: revolution led by the educated middle
0:8:0: class
0:8:2: the people were demanding something that
0:8:4: had never existed before a nation-state
0:8:7: on parliamentary principles
0:8:10: the middle class called for a
0:8:12: constitution freedom of the press and
0:8:14: freedom of Association
0:8:17: it was a time of great political
0:8:19: associations that came together in
0:8:21: Frankfurt to vote for an all-german
0:8:23: National Assembly
0:8:25: on the 18th of May 1848 831 elected
0:8:30: representatives marched to take their
0:8:32: places in the Frankfurt parliament
0:8:34: convened in the church of Saint Paul
0:8:37: the Constitution drafted for the German
0:8:39: nation was headed by a monarchy subject
0:8:42: to a parliament
0:8:44: however the crown was offered to
0:8:47: Friedrich Wilhelm IV King of Prussia but
0:8:49: he rejected it and joined other monarchs
0:8:52: to oppose the elected assembly
0:8:54: but that didn't stop the middle class
0:8:57: who dominated the Parliament and a large
0:8:59: number of women who participated in the
0:9:1: liberal movement
0:9:3: women formed their own political
0:9:5: associations founded newspapers and took
0:9:8: part in political meetings and
0:9:10: demonstrations but they were still
0:9:12: denied suffrage rights during the
0:9:14: election of the assembly
0:9:16: in the years after 1848 the autocratic
0:9:20: monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe
0:9:22: began to introduce the changes that had
0:9:24: already taken place in Western Europe
0:9:26: before 1815.
0:9:29: it was a time of great change as serfdim
0:9:32: and bonded labor were abolished both in
0:9:34: the Habsburg dominions and in Russia
0:9:37: so students as we come to the end we can
0:9:41: conclude that the revolution of 1848
0:9:43: wasn't just a political one it was a
0:9:46: social Revolution too
0:9:48: as we continue to study we will cover
0:9:51: the remaining part of the chapter in the
0:9:53: upcoming videos here's a secret on how
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0:10:18: thank you