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Organic Chemistry: Aldehyde Ketone - Chemistry, Class 12 Video Lecture

FAQs on Organic Chemistry: Aldehyde Ketone - Chemistry, Class 12 Video Lecture

1. What is the difference between aldehydes and ketones?
Ans. Aldehydes and ketones are both organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group, but the difference lies in the placement of the carbonyl group within the molecule. Aldehydes have the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while ketones have it in the middle. This structural difference leads to differences in their chemical reactivity and physical properties.
2. How can aldehydes and ketones be distinguished from each other?
Ans. Aldehydes and ketones can be distinguished using various chemical tests. One commonly used test is the Tollens' test, which involves the reaction of the carbonyl compound with Tollens' reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate). Aldehydes produce a silver mirror on the inner surface of the test tube, while ketones do not react with Tollens' reagent.
3. What are some examples of aldehydes and ketones commonly found in nature?
Ans. Some examples of aldehydes found in nature include formaldehyde, which is a naturally occurring compound found in fruits and vegetables, and benzaldehyde, which gives almonds their characteristic scent. Ketones found in nature include acetone, which is produced in small quantities by the human body during metabolism, and camphor, which is derived from certain trees.
4. How are aldehydes and ketones used in industry?
Ans. Aldehydes and ketones have various industrial applications. For example, formaldehyde is used in the production of resins, plastics, and textiles. Acetone is widely used as a solvent in paints, coatings, and nail polish removers. Ketones like acetophenone and methyl ethyl ketone are used as solvents in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
5. What are the key reactions of aldehydes and ketones?
Ans. Aldehydes and ketones undergo several important reactions, including nucleophilic addition, oxidation, reduction, and condensation reactions. Nucleophilic addition reactions involve the addition of a nucleophile to the carbonyl carbon, forming a new bond. Oxidation reactions convert aldehydes to carboxylic acids, while reduction reactions convert aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Condensation reactions involve the loss of a small molecule, such as water, to form a larger compound.
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