Quick Revision Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Video Lecture

0:0:0: hello everyone today we are going to
0:0:2: study socialism in Europe and the
0:0:4: Russian
0:0:5: Revolution let's take a trip back in
0:0:7: time to when the French Revolution was
0:0:9: shaking things up the French Revolution
0:0:12: sparked ideas of freedom and equality
0:0:15: challenging the traditional societal
0:0:17: structure dominated by the aristocracy
0:0:19: and
0:0:20: Church These revolutionary ideas didn't
0:0:23: just stay in France they traveled far
0:0:25: and wide inspiring folks like Raja Raman
0:0:28: Roy and de roio over in India moving on
0:0:32: let's see how Europe reacted to these
0:0:34: game-changing
0:0:36: ideas in Europe people had different
0:0:39: ideas on how to respond to these calls
0:0:41: for
0:0:41: change some preferred taking it slow and
0:0:44: steady While others were all about
0:0:46: shaking things up big time this gave
0:0:49: rise to terms we still use today
0:0:52: conservatives liberals and
0:0:55: radicals each group had its own vision
0:0:57: for the future now let's dive into how
0:1:0: these beliefs paved the way for
0:1:2: something huge the Russian
0:1:4: Revolution the 19th century was a roller
0:1:7: coaster of political Traditions leading
0:1:9: to massive events like the Russian
0:1:12: Revolution this was no small Affair it
0:1:15: aimed to completely transform
0:1:17: society and amidst this turmoil
0:1:20: socialism began to rise as a force that
0:1:22: would shape the entire 20th
0:1:24: century but who were the key players in
0:1:27: this story let's find out the society
0:1:30: was divided into groups with differing
0:1:33: opinions liberals advocated for
0:1:35: religious tolerance representative
0:1:38: government and individual rights but
0:1:40: limited suffrage to property owning men
0:1:43: excluding women radicals sought majority
0:1:46: based governance they supported women's
0:1:49: suffrage and opposed concentration of
0:1:52: wealth conservatives were initially
0:1:54: resistant to change but accepted gradual
0:1:57: transformation emphasizing respect for
0:2:0: tradition as Society was evolving so was
0:2:3: the way people worked and
0:2:5: lived next up the Industrial Revolution
0:2:9: the 19th century wasn't just about
0:2:11: political changes it also saw a massive
0:2:14: transformation in society and the
0:2:16: economy thanks to the Industrial
0:2:19: Revolution new cities popped up Railways
0:2:22: expanded but it wasn't all good news
0:2:25: Factory labor brought long hours low
0:2:27: wages and unemployment EX debating
0:2:30: housing and sanitation
0:2:32: issues amidst this industrial chaos
0:2:35: different groups had their own ideas on
0:2:37: how to improve things liberals and
0:2:40: radicals believed in hard work and
0:2:42: education to uplift the
0:2:44: workforce meanwhile nationalists
0:2:47: alongside liberals and radicals wanted
0:2:49: to topple monarchies to create societies
0:2:52: based on equal
0:2:54: rights their ideas were inspired by
0:2:56: thinkers like JPI mansini and even
0:2:59: reached re evolutionaries in India this
0:3:2: growing desire for change set the stage
0:3:4: for socialism to make its grand entrance
0:3:6: in Europe the arrival of socialism was
0:3:10: seen through its emergence and vision by
0:3:13: the mid 19th century socialism gained
0:3:15: Traction in Europe challenging private
0:3:18: property as the root of social
0:3:20: issues socialists started advocating for
0:3:23: Collective control of property to
0:3:25: prioritize societal welfare over
0:3:27: individual gain but socialism wasn't a
0:3:30: one-size fits all kind of deal let's
0:3:33: explore the different flavors it came in
0:3:36: Robert Owen proposed Cooperative
0:3:39: communities like New Harmony Louis Blanc
0:3:42: suggested government support for
0:3:43: cooperatives to replace capitalist
0:3:46: Enterprises KL Marx envisioned a
0:3:48: communist Society where workers
0:3:50: overthrow capitalism and collectively
0:3:52: control property believing it to be the
0:3:55: natural future
0:3:56: society as socialism's popularity grew
0:3:59: so did its support base let's check out
0:4:2: who was backing these ideas by the 1870
0:4:7: socialism wasn't just a bunch of ideas
0:4:9: it had become a
0:4:10: movement in places like England and
0:4:13: Germany workers banded together
0:4:15: demanding better living and working
0:4:18: conditions they even formed political
0:4:21: parties to push for these changes but
0:4:24: despite their growing influence
0:4:25: socialists faced hurdles in gaining
0:4:28: political power up next how did they
0:4:31: Fair associations collaborated with
0:4:34: political parties like the Social
0:4:35: Democratic party SPD in Germany leading
0:4:39: to the formation of labor party in
0:4:41: Britain and Socialist Party in France by
0:4:45: 1905 despite strong representation in
0:4:48: parliamentary politics socialists failed
0:4:50: to form governments in Europe until
0:4:53: 1914 however their ideas influenced
0:4:56: legislation while conservatives liberals
0:4:59: and radicals continued to govern this
0:5:2: sets the stage for one of the biggest
0:5:4: Revolutions in history the Russian
0:5:7: Revolution Let's dive into the chaos and
0:5:10: hope it brought before the storm of the
0:5:12: 1917 Revolution Russia was a land of
0:5:15: deep contrasts and simmering
0:5:18: unrest governed by Zar Nicholas 2 it was
0:5:21: a vast Empire with a Melting Pot of
0:5:23: cultures but plagued by economic
0:5:25: disparity and authoritarian
0:5:28: rule but but let us start by learning
0:5:31: more about the Russian Empire in 1914
0:5:34: Zan Nicholas 2 governed the vast Russian
0:5:37: Empire which encompassed territories
0:5:39: from Moscow to the Pacific including
0:5:41: modern-day Finland lva Lithuania Estonia
0:5:46: parts of Poland Ukraine Belarus Central
0:5:50: Asian States Georgia Armenia and
0:5:54: aaban the Empire comprised diverse
0:5:56: religious groups with Russian Orthodox
0:5:59: Christian Ian it predominant alongside
0:6:1: Catholics Protestants Muslims and
0:6:5: Buddhists at the start of the 20th
0:6:7: century most Russians were farmers
0:6:10: unlike Europe where fewer people worked
0:6:12: in
0:6:13: agriculture Russia was a big grain
0:6:15: seller factories were mainly in St
0:6:18: Petersburg and Moscow with big ones and
0:6:21: small craft
0:6:22: workshops workers many of them faced
0:6:25: tough conditions and women got less pay
0:6:28: than men strikes were common in
0:6:31: factories in the countryside peasants
0:6:34: farmed most land but they often had
0:6:36: fights with rich land
0:6:37: owners how did this tension explode into
0:6:41: Revolution on to the next slide to find
0:6:43: out before 194 all political parties
0:6:47: were illegal in Russia the Russian
0:6:50: Social Democratic Workers Party founded
0:6:53: in 1898 operated covertly due to
0:6:56: government
0:6:57: surveillance socialists believed that
0:7:0: Russian peasants not workers would drive
0:7:3: the revolution leading to the formation
0:7:5: of the socialist revolutionary party in
0:7:7: 1900 advocating for peasant rights and
0:7:10: land
0:7:12: redistribution however lenon leading the
0:7:14: bolik disagreed arguing for a
0:7:17: disciplined party structure to navigate
0:7:19: Zar repression while the main shax
0:7:22: favored a more open
0:7:23: approach this debate set the stage for
0:7:26: the 1905 Revolution a crucial warm-up
0:7:29: act for what was to come Russia was an
0:7:32: autocracy where the zah held absolute
0:7:35: power unlike European monarchs subject
0:7:37: to
0:7:38: parliaments in 1905 liberals social
0:7:42: Democrats and socialist revolutionaries
0:7:45: alongside peasants workers and
0:7:47: nationalists demanded a constitution and
0:7:50: civil liberties leading to the 1905
0:7:53: Revolution let us see a major incident
0:7:56: known as Bloody Sunday it was sparked by
0:7:59: workers demands for better conditions
0:8:1: the peaceful protest led by father gapon
0:8:4: was violently suppressed by police and
0:8:6: kacs resulting in numerous casualties
0:8:9: igniting widespread strikes and
0:8:12: unrest but what changes were seen after
0:8:14: this revolution let us see the aftermath
0:8:18: zah Nicholas to reluctantly allowed the
0:8:20: creation of a consultative parliament or
0:8:23: Duma but quickly dismissed both the
0:8:25: first and second dumus when they
0:8:27: challenged his authority po 1905
0:8:30: political activity faced severe
0:8:32: restrictions with many unions and
0:8:34: committees operating unofficially due to
0:8:37: being declared
0:8:38: illegal the Zar manipulated voting laws
0:8:41: to favor conservative politicians
0:8:43: excluding liberals and revolutionaries
0:8:45: from the Duma as Russia entered World
0:8:49: War I the stage was set for an even
0:8:51: greater
0:8:52: upheaval World War I was a disaster for
0:8:55: Russia the first world war erupted in
0:8:58: 1914 pitting the Central Powers Germany
0:9:2: Austria turkey against the Allies France
0:9:6: Britain
0:9:7: Russia initially Russians rallied around
0:9:10: Zar Nicholas 2 but as the war dragged on
0:9:13: dissatisfaction grew due to the Zar
0:9:15: refusal to consult the Duma and the
0:9:17: influence of unpopular advisers like
0:9:20: Rasputin unlike the static trench
0:9:22: warfare in the west the Eastern Front
0:9:25: are mobile battles with large
0:9:27: casualties Russia defeats in Germany and
0:9:31: Austria resulting in over 7 million
0:9:33: casualties by 1917 and widespread
0:9:37: destruction the war strain on society
0:9:39: brought Russia to the brink the war
0:9:42: severely impacted Russian industry with
0:9:44: few domestic Industries and disruption
0:9:47: of supply routes due to German control
0:9:49: of the Baltic Sea Industrial Equipment
0:9:51: deteriorated rapidly leading to
0:9:53: breakdowns in railway lines and labor
0:9:56: shortages as able-bodied men were
0:9:59: conscripted labor shortages led to the
0:10:1: closure of small workshops causing
0:10:3: scarcity of essential Goods in
0:10:6: cities grain supplies were diverted to
0:10:9: feed the Army exacerbating food
0:10:11: shortages and triggering riots at bread
0:10:13: shops by
0:10:14: winter and then in the cold winter of
0:10:17: 1917 everything
0:10:19: changed petrograd now St Petersburg
0:10:23: became the heart of a new Revolution in
0:10:25: February
0:10:26: 1917 petrograd layout highight
0:10:29: highlighted social divides worker
0:10:31: quarters on the right Bank elites on the
0:10:34: left food shortages and harsh winter
0:10:37: intensified unrest in February
0:10:39: 1917 lockout at a factory sparked
0:10:42: strikes notably on International women's
0:10:45: day demonstrators marched to nevski
0:10:48: prospect facing a government imposed
0:10:51: curfew escalation despite curfews led to
0:10:54: the Doomer suspension on February
0:10:56: 25th politicians opposition fueled
0:10:59: protests escalating with the ransacking
0:11:2: of police headquarters on February
0:11:5: 27th cavalry's refusal to fire signaled
0:11:8: a shift leading to regiment
0:11:10: Mutiny Zar abdicated on March 2nd Paving
0:11:14: the way for a provisional government
0:11:16: supported by the petrograd
0:11:19: Soviet the situation escalated quickly
0:11:22: leading to a moment that would change
0:11:24: Russia
0:11:25: forever provisional government was
0:11:27: formed with influence from officials
0:11:30: land owners and
0:11:32: industrialists liberals and socialists
0:11:34: within the government aimed for an
0:11:36: elected Administration lifting
0:11:38: restrictions on public
0:11:40: Gatherings establishment of Soviets
0:11:43: across Russia like the petrograd Soviet
0:11:46: without a uniform electoral system the
0:11:49: Zar abdication marked a new chapter for
0:11:52: Russia with a provisional government
0:11:54: trying to steer the ship but not
0:11:57: everyone was on board with their
0:11:58: Direction
0:12:0: a man named Lennon came up with some
0:12:2: radical ideas Lennon's return in April
0:12:5: 1917 marked by his April thesis
0:12:8: advocating for the end of the war land
0:12:11: redistribution and Bank
0:12:13: nationalization initially surprising to
0:12:16: many Bolsheviks Lenin's agenda gained
0:12:18: traction as discontent against the
0:12:20: provisional government grew summer saw
0:12:23: the spread of the workers movement with
0:12:25: the formation of factory committees and
0:12:27: soldiers committees challenged ing
0:12:30: Authority these ideas set the stage for
0:12:32: another even more radical
0:12:35: revolution let's find out what happened
0:12:38: the revolution of October
0:12:40: 1917 tensions between the provisional
0:12:43: government and Bolsheviks intensified
0:12:46: with lenon fearing a
0:12:47: dictatorship lenon orchestrated
0:12:50: discussions for an uprising leading to
0:12:52: the formation of a military
0:12:53: revolutionary committee on the 24th of
0:12:57: October 1917 the uprising began in
0:13:0: petrograd with Bolshevik forces seizing
0:13:3: control of key government
0:13:5: buildings The Winter Palace was shelled
0:13:8: signaling the Bolshevik win followed by
0:13:10: uprisings in other
0:13:12: cities by December Bolshevik dominated
0:13:15: the Moscow petrograd region solidifying
0:13:18: their power but what did this new era
0:13:21: look like and what challenges did it
0:13:23: bring onwards to see the changes and
0:13:26: challenges that followed balik enacted
0:13:29: radical reforms nationalizing Industries
0:13:32: Banks and declaring land as social
0:13:35: property they abolished aristocratic
0:13:38: titles redistributed housing and
0:13:41: redesigned uniforms to signify the
0:13:43: societal
0:13:44: change the party transformed into the
0:13:46: Russian Communist party bolik and
0:13:49: dismissed the constituent assembly in
0:13:52: 1918 despite opposition they made peace
0:13:56: with Germany in March 1918 establishing
0:13:59: a one party State trade unions were
0:14:2: controlled by the party and descent was
0:14:4: punished by the secret police leading to
0:14:7: Artistic experimentation but also
0:14:9: disillusionment due to
0:14:11: censorship as opposition grew so did the
0:14:14: stakes the stage was set for a brutal
0:14:17: Civil War after balik's ordered land
0:14:20: redistribution the Russian army began to
0:14:22: disintegrate as soldiers deserted to
0:14:24: claim land non- Bolshevik groups
0:14:28: including social socialists liberals and
0:14:30: supporters of autocracy condemned the
0:14:33: uprising and organized against the
0:14:36: Bolsheviks during 1918 1919 the greens
0:14:40: socialist revolutionaries and whites
0:14:44: proar ists controlled much of Russia
0:14:47: supported by Foreign
0:14:48: troops Civil War ensued marked by
0:14:51: looting banditry and famine weakening
0:14:54: the non- Bolshevik
0:14:56: forces Bolsheviks ultimately prevailed
0:14:59: by January 1920 largely due to
0:15:2: cooperation with non-russian
0:15:4: nationalities and Muslim
0:15:6: jadids Bolshevik Victory led to the
0:15:9: creation of the Soviet Union USSR in
0:15:12: December 1922 from the former Russian
0:15:15: Empire non-russian nationalities were
0:15:18: granted political autonomy but bolic
0:15:21: policies often clashed with local
0:15:23: desires leading to mixed success in
0:15:25: winning over different
0:15:27: groups unpopular policies such as
0:15:30: discouraging nomadism hinded efforts to
0:15:32: gain widespread support among
0:15:34: non-russian
0:15:36: nationalities confusion persisted
0:15:38: regarding the Bolshevik government's
0:15:40: true nature and
0:15:41: intentions but the story doesn't end
0:15:43: there how did the USSR work towards
0:15:46: building a socialist society let's take
0:15:49: a look the Civil War years were tough
0:15:52: but the bik kept their focus on
0:15:54: nationalizing key Industries and
0:15:56: promoting Collective farming the first
0:15:59: two 5-year plans marked ambitious
0:16:1: attempts to industrialize rapidly
0:16:3: changing the face of the Soviet
0:16:6: economy centralized planning fueled
0:16:8: economic growth with industrial
0:16:10: production doubling between 1929 and
0:16:13: 1933 notably in oil coal and
0:16:17: steel however rapid construction of
0:16:20: factories such as in magnetos led to
0:16:23: poor working conditions and numerous
0:16:25: work
0:16:26: stoppages despite challenges the
0:16:28: government implemented initiatives like
0:16:30: extended schooling University access for
0:16:33: workers and peasants crushes in
0:16:35: factories and Affordable Health Care
0:16:39: these efforts varied in Effectiveness
0:16:41: due to limited government resources
0:16:43: resulting in uneven impacts across the
0:16:46: population yet with rapid change came
0:16:49: new challenges especially under Stalin's
0:16:52: rule in the late 1920 Soviet Russia
0:16:55: faced a crisis of grain supplies leading
0:16:58: Stalin to implement emergency measures
0:17:0: to address speculation by Rich peasants
0:17:3: and
0:17:3: Traders party members enforced grain
0:17:6: Collections and raided well-to-do
0:17:8: peasants known as Kula sparking
0:17:11: resistance and
0:17:12: shortages Stalin initiated
0:17:15: collectivization in 1929 forcing
0:17:18: peasants to work on Collective Farms
0:17:20: Callos and transferring land and
0:17:22: implements to State controlled
0:17:24: Farms peasant resistance to
0:17:27: collectivization resulted in livestock
0:17:29: destruction and severe
0:17:31: punishments despite efforts production
0:17:33: did not immediately increase and the 193
0:17:36: 1933 Harvest failures led to a
0:17:39: devastating famine causing over 4
0:17:41: million deaths criticism within the
0:17:44: party of the confusion in industrial
0:17:46: production and consequences of
0:17:48: collectivization led to Stalin's purges
0:17:51: with over 2 million imprisoned or in
0:17:53: labor camps by 1939 many on false
0:17:56: charges and under torture
0:17:59: despite these hardships the Russian
0:18:1: Revolution had a profound Global
0:18:3: impact let's explore its Legacy after
0:18:7: the balik's rise to power socialist
0:18:10: parties in Europe expressed mixed views
0:18:12: but the concept of a worker State
0:18:14: inspired Global
0:18:16: interest communist parties emerged
0:18:18: worldwide including the Communist Party
0:18:21: of Great Britain influenced by the bolik
0:18:24: model the balik advocated for Global
0:18:27: socialist Revolution encouraging
0:18:29: Colonial peoples to adopt their approach
0:18:31: through initiatives like the comington
0:18:33: by the 1950 acknowledgement grew within
0:18:37: the USSR and the global socialist
0:18:39: movement that the country's governance
0:18:41: diverged from the ideal of the Russian
0:18:44: Revolution despite industrial and
0:18:47: Agricultural Development repressive
0:18:49: policies led to criticism of the USSR
0:18:52: lack of essential freedoms for its
0:18:54: citizens by the end of the 20th century
0:18:57: while the US SRS International socialist
0:19:0: reputation waned socialist ideals
0:19:3: continued to hold respect among its
0:19:5: people prompting a reassessment of
0:19:7: socialism's implementation
0:19:9: worldwide the Russian Revolution wasn't
0:19:12: just a local Affair it inspired
0:19:14: socialists and revolutionaries
0:19:16: worldwide communist parties sprang up
0:19:19: globally looking to the USSR as a model
0:19:22: for a worker state so what have we
0:19:25: learned from this journey through
0:19:26: socialism and the Russian Revolution
0:19:30: conclusion we were able to analyze how
0:19:32: the concept of socialism was introduced
0:19:35: and how it played a key role in the
0:19:36: Russian
0:19:38: Revolution we hope that you have
0:19:40: understood the topic you can now study
0:19:43: chapter notes watch video lectures and
0:19:45: solve McQ tests of this chapter on adorf
0:19:49: to ensure you score well in your school
0:19:52: exams and that's not all you also get
0:19:55: amazing courses for maths science
0:19:57: English Hindi
0:19:59: and much more for class 9 thank you