Bushiness Invariants for B Trees Video Lecture | Database Management System (DBMS) - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

Ans. B-trees have the following key properties: 1. All leaves are at the same level. 2. Each node can have a variable number of child nodes within a specific range. 3. Non-leaf nodes store keys and act as an index to guide search operations. 4. The tree is always balanced, ensuring efficient search, insertion, and deletion operations.

Ans. The degree of a B-tree determines the maximum number of child nodes a node can have. A higher degree allows for fewer levels in the tree, reducing the number of disk accesses required for operations. However, a higher degree also increases the node size, potentially leading to more frequent node splitting during insertions. Therefore, choosing an appropriate degree is crucial for optimizing the performance of a B-tree.

Ans. The order of a B-tree refers to the minimum number of child nodes a non-root node can have. It directly impacts the balance and efficiency of the tree. A higher order results in a shallower tree with fewer levels, reducing the number of disk accesses required for operations. However, a higher order also increases the likelihood of node splitting and merging, which can impact performance. Therefore, selecting the optimal order is essential for maximizing the benefits of a B-tree.

Ans. B-trees maintain balance by performing node splitting and merging operations as needed. When a node exceeds its maximum capacity during an insertion, it is split into two nodes to maintain the tree's balance. Similarly, when a node falls below its minimum capacity during a deletion, it may be merged with a neighboring node. These balancing mechanisms ensure that all leaves remain at the same level and maintain the efficiency of search operations in the B-tree.

Ans. B-trees offer several advantages in database systems, including: 1. Efficient search operations: B-trees provide logarithmic time complexity for search operations, making them ideal for indexing large datasets. 2. Balanced structure: B-trees automatically balance themselves during insertions and deletions, ensuring consistent performance. 3. Range queries: B-trees support range queries efficiently due to their balanced structure and ordered keys. 4. Disk I/O optimization: B-trees minimize the number of disk accesses required for operations, reducing the overall I/O cost in database systems. 5. Scalability: B-trees can accommodate a large number of keys and data entries, making them suitable for handling vast amounts of data in database applications.