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Muscle and Neural Tissue Video Lecture | Crash Course for NEET

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1. What are the main types of muscle tissue and their functions?
Ans. The main types of muscle tissue are skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements and is attached to bones. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood, functioning involuntarily. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines and blood vessels, and it facilitates involuntary movements like peristalsis and vasoconstriction.
2. How do muscle fibers differ from each other?
Ans. Muscle fibers can be classified into three main types: Type I (slow-twitch), Type IIa (fast-twitch oxidative), and Type IIb (fast-twitch glycolytic). Type I fibers are endurance-oriented, using aerobic metabolism and resisting fatigue. Type IIa fibers can use both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, while Type IIb fibers primarily rely on anaerobic metabolism, providing quick bursts of energy but fatigue quickly.
3. What is the structure and function of neural tissue?
Ans. Neural tissue is composed of neurons, which are the functional units of the nervous system, and glial cells, which support and protect neurons. Neurons transmit nerve impulses and communicate through synapses, while glial cells provide nourishment, insulation, and protection for neurons. This tissue plays a critical role in processing and transmitting information throughout the body.
4. How do skeletal muscles contract?
Ans. Skeletal muscles contract through a process called the sliding filament theory. When a muscle receives a signal from a motor neuron, calcium ions are released, allowing myosin heads to bind to actin filaments. The myosin heads then pull on the actin filaments, causing the muscle to shorten and contract. This process requires ATP for energy.
5. What role do neurotransmitters play in muscle contraction?
Ans. Neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, are released at the neuromuscular junction when a nerve impulse reaches the end of a motor neuron. Acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fiber's membrane, leading to depolarization and the initiation of an action potential in the muscle. This action potential triggers the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, ultimately resulting in muscle contraction.
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