AIDS - Human Health & Diseases Video Lecture - Class 12

another disease which affects the immune
system if it's not aids actually stands
for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
it is called acquired because it is
obtained in the lifetime the diseases
developed in the lifetime it is not
congenital and it is all and send drones
because the disease is manifest in a
group of symptom now the age we all know
is called by HIV and this was first
reported in USA in 1981 and since then
it has spread all over the world causing
about 25 million death
this was isolated and identified by
Professor Mantegna of France as well as
professor gadelle of USC first it was
called at HCL v3 that is human cell
leukemia 5-3 and it was later called
HIV in 1986 by International Committee
of viral nomenclature children and IV
consists of two different types we have
HIV one in this the pathogen contains
eight genes whereas HIV two contains
nine genes and that is found only in
Africa coming to the structure of the
virus children as you can see this is a
retrovirus a spherical triple virus
having a core of two single-stranded RNA
as you can see there are two
single-stranded RNA besides that it had
the enzyme reverse transcriptase this is
responsible for the transcription
of DNA from R&D over that you can see to
covering those proteins the inner
covering is called the b-24 and out of
coverage is the protein 17
as you can see besides that it is
covered by an envelope which is made up
of lipid and this has knob like
glycoprotein spice you can see the
glycoprotein spikes refers to gp120 and
gp41 now when you talk about the more of
transmission of this disease the most
important and most common is the sexual
contact
so persons or individuals having
multiple sexual partners are at a high
risk the second mode of transmission is
through the transfusion of contaminated
blood and blood products of infected
person so children all those patients
who require blood transfusions are at a
high level the third mode of
transmission is sharing needles like in
the case of intravenous drug abusers
so children these drug and it's a little
high risk noting the mode of
transmission is trans placenta that is
across the placenta and even from the
milk so children born to HIV mothers are
at a high risk there is a time lag
between the infection and the appearance
of symptoms and this is found to be a
period of about five to ten years now
let us talk about the mode of action of
this wild looking at this diet and you
can see the virus enters children the
microphages or help
T cells the macrophage is in fact are
called the HIV factories the virus can
attach to the helper T cells by means of
the t4 or cd4 sites now what are these
be the antigen receptor site on the
helper T cells to which the a Chinese
sticks by means of the glycoprotein
spike so whether it enters the
macrophage or the helper T cell children
only the viral RNA enters the cell the
code or the envelope remains outside as
you can see in the diagram on entering
into the host cell the viral RNA
undergoes a reverse transcription to
form viral DNA this viral DNA also
called the copy DNA with now integrate
into the host DNA and it will direct it
to produce virus particles and you can
see in the diagram how a number of these
viruses are going to be produced and
finally they will be released out to
attack more and more cells so that in
holes of time there will be a decrease
in the number of macrophages and
remarkable decrease in the number of
helper T cell children you know helper T
cells are responsible for the overall
regulation of immune system it is these
cells which are going to basically
activate the B as well as the tx4 son so
when there is a decrease in the number
of these cells obviously you can realize
the impact the body is going to be now
very susceptible to any infective agent
so the number of in section
can now attack that susceptible person
these are all as opportunistic diseases
so the patient can show a number of
children diseases night he can start
suffering from pneumonia he can start
suffering from tuberculosis besides that
he will shall feel when he will show
diarrhea
he will also show a tremendous weight
loss that is why it is also called as
live disease it will also result in
rashes ulcers over the body and may
finally lead to brain damage
now death can basically occur due to any
of the diseases which attack and why
they attack because of the collapse of
the helper T cells now we will talk
about the various tests and the
treatment involved the test for
detecting aids in the Aliza test that is
enzyme linked immunosorbent and seats
while the confirmatory test is the
Western blot test children with respect
to treatment we find that there is still
no cure for AIDS
however the different drugs which are
taken on myndy and gives it through
viral drugs these are taken to prolong
life but death will eventually occur the
first drug to be developed was 0u dean
also called and a red t sh t actually
stands for and his horse died deoxy time
D that is the first run besides that die
dancing has also been used very much
also reverse transcript in inhibitors
are effectively youth drugs so that if
the Noles reverse transcription the
viral RNA cannot change to viral DNA and
hence it cannot become a part of the
worst deal
finally children we can say that
prevention is therefore the best option
because there is no actual cure
so to prevent the disease it is very
important that the people must be aware
of it because the saying that don't die
of ignorance should not hold true people
should not suffer from eggs because they
are not aware of how it is spread
therefore it is very important that
agency is like naku that is the National
AIDS Control organisation various NGOs
in India as well as all over the world
w-h-o they have an intensive program
basically to increase the awareness
again