Lecture 1 : Federalism - SST, Class 10 Video Lecture

hello student power today's topic is
federalism now what is the federalism
the proper definition of federalism is
that it is actually a system of
government it is a system of government
in which the power is divided between
the central and different constituent
units this goal of federalism it is not
possible for a one person of an
organization to handle the whole system
or the whole administration so fedil ism
is the best way for this let us take an
example of school here it is a school
approximately how thousand students are
in this school but for a principal it is
not possible to tackle the older
students to educate all the students to
check their copies it's not possible so
for that he divided his school into
different units which we call the
different classes and appointed one one
class teacher to each class as we
appointed in our second level one one
chief minister to each state now for a
glass sister it is not possible now that
in class it is not possible to take all
subjects of class teacher divided its
class according to the subjects and
appointed different different subject
teacher for each subject in that class
and maintain the discipline in that
class he also appointed one monitor in
the class so this is how by dividing the
powers it is easy to administrate and
tackle the system or the any
organization which we are handling now
in federalism in big countries it is not
possible to tackle the whole country the
whole administration of a country with
big population with diversity of a lot
of culture language it is divided into
basically two level of governments and
some where more than two levels of
government also the first level of
government is the Union or the central
government central government divided
its work into according to the size of
the country into different
state government and the different state
government again divided its work into
different district government this is
how it is easy to handle the whole
country administration by this
federalism system India itself a federal
country in India let us see the key
features of federalism and compare each
each key system of federalism by India
with India key features of federalism
now let us come the first key feature
accorded the first key features there
must be two or more than two government
four levels that is the first main
feature of federalism if you compare
this feature with India and India the
first level we have is the central
government in Delhi and 28 in second
level we have 28 state government we
also have the third level that is the
panchayat systems and each states
according to their population as many
unguents or municipalities now let us
come to the second key feature we see
that each tiles in the second key
feature we see that different tiles of
government govern the same citizen the
same citizens but each tile has its own
G addiction in the specific matter of
legislation technicians and
administration let us take the example
in India in legislation or one / during
the general elections which are for the
central government government we are
giving each and every citizens gives its
vote for that similarly we are giving
wood we are giving our board for state
legislation also giving vote for the
local elections for the panchayat
systems mayor and for municipalities
looking the mayor similarly for tax we
are giving text to central government
through wacked and others
since we are also being taxed to the
state government by like we are giving
the bill of electricity to state
government similarly we are giving many
small taxes too with Jarvis fat in the
Constitution to give to the local
government and the third thing is that
in administration also we are
participating in administration of
central state and local government so
all the three tires all the different
levels of the government govern the same
citizens and each season is tired has
its own traditions now let us come to
the third level
third fee key feature of federalism in
this third key feature of federalism
that get each the traditions of
respective levels of dials of the
government our basic fact in the
Constitution means each and everything
is specified in the Constitution
mentioned in the Constitution so there
is no doubt and no problem so the
existence and authority of each tire of
government is constitutionally
guaranteed now the next key feature is
that the funds that is the fundamental
provision of the constitution of the
constitutions cannot be unilaterally
changed by 111 means only one level
cannot change the Constitution's the
fundamental provisions of the
Constitution we see in India if you want
any kind of fundamental provisions then
we can change these provisions by there
are some condition for it that that must
be passed by 2/3 majority of the Lok
Sabha and then Raja Sabha in the central
government then it must be passed five
minimum half did legislative assembly
that is 14 new proteins today we have 28
statements they move 14 states say in
Capitola
Zorua here and then it must be signed by
the President of India so this is how a
provision can change only one level
cannot change any kind of fundamental
provisions by itself the next role or
you in the fundamental federalism is of
the codes of the ports that have the
power to interpret the Constitution the
Constitution and the power of different
levels of government now here it means
that code can interpret or explain or
define any kind of problems doubts or
act in India with example of India the
High Court and the Supreme Court can
explain if there is any problem or doubt
in any kind of constitutions that is the
example of the police decently Maya
theorists the president of Congress
state Congress of Uttar Pradesh and
charged on her one act then within four
hours the Supreme Court of India
released her and cleared and define the
real meaning of that article and that
lady the president polish president
state president does not come in that
article so this is how code can
interrupt whenever it think it is
necessary for country's unity now let us
come to the sixth physical fixed feature
of fabulous that is about the sources of
revenue each level of government is
clearly specified to ensure its
financial autonomy means the revenue or
the collections of money or tax is
specified by the Constitution's for
example the VAT and from where where the
text comes to the central government
this is how it works similarly to work
state government also
need money and present its annual budget
let us take example of electricity if
you pay the bill of electricity it goes
to the central government if we are
going from our road and we are paying
some Salonika donde pay here that goes
to the municipalities of the third child
so means each and every tear is
specified in the politicians by the name
of Union list state list and the
concurrent list now let us come to the
seventh feature it is very important
feature that is about the dual
objectives the dual objective means
first to safeguard and promote the unity
of the country and the second thing is
at the same time accommodate regional
diversity like omitting example of India
we have a lot of diversity we have 22
plus eight four five languages mode
approximately 900 languages we have
similarly we have seven different types
of species living in India world's
eighth major religions are falling India
and many other types of physical and
human diversities are found in India so
we the main role of the government here
is to maintain this diversity in India
to give freedom to each language culture
and religion in India and at the same
time also accommodate the rigidity of
the country so this is seventh and the
most important key feature of federalism
so this is how we see the seven key
feature of federalism and compare each
key feature of federalism did India if
you see the federalism then federalism
are of basically two types in the world
the first type of federalism is called
coming together and the second type of
federalism is called folding together
now coming together means where there
are many there are many small small
please and these all countries want
their presence in the world they all
decide to join themselves and make
itself a big country and this big
country is called not coming together
FET ISM let us example of USA where 13
different countries or colonies they all
come together and make one nation called
us a similarly Australia etc other
nations as we see here send the
different countries decide to come
together and here
different different countries each come
together they all become a state in a
country so here the main power is on the
hand of the states like in USA we see
that each and every States has its own
constitution its own supreme good the
citizens there is no citizen of a u.s.
business is a citizen of Texas there is
a citizen of Florida California Ohio
light escapes so the hell in other word
here the states are more powerful than
the central government now let us come
to thee for linked together in holding
together a country is already very big
country population is too much and it is
not possible for the central government
to handle and tackle this big country
this big country so for that this
kinetic decide to divide it into many
states here the Union government decide
to divide the country so the central
government divided the country according
to its comfortability so here obviously
the decision was taken by the central
government so central government has the
main power and the state governments are
under the central government examples
are like India getting the independence
India is a very big country
so it is not possible for telling to
handle the whole country so we decide to
divide our country in too many state and
later on in the year 1993 we divide our
country made the third level also in
urban areas which is called the
municipalities and in local areas which
is called the unchecked system as I told
you that to run the country each and
everything is specified in the
Constitution similarly the powers are
also specified in the conditions like
the subjects being will be handled and
tackled by the central government
they all are mentioned in the Union list
in the Constitution these all subjects
are those subjects which are in the
interest of country like Defense there
must be one difference of a country it
is not possible that there is a separate
army of German Kashmir separate army of
riders can separate on your couch Iraq
similarly a policy foreign policy must
be one there is not possible that catch
me decide China has its friend if we
decide China's its enemy so there must
be one policy one foreign policy of the
country so one foreign minister in the
country so the subject which are
interested which are nationally which
comes international interests they all
come in the Union list
we samples our foreign minister defense
ministers etcetera now the second list
is the state list in state least those
subjects comes which are under the which
article by the state which are not so
much important for the unionist
government so the government decide to
give these all subject to state lease
because they are deadly linked with the
local community and for the state
government it is easy to contact with
this
local community like agriculture
electricity etc these all comes in the
stateliest these all subjects communist
state list there are many subjects which
are tackled by handle by portals the
human government and the state
government these subjects are cold for
our current in the concurrent East like
there is a whole Minister of central
government there is a home minister of
state government this temperament has
its own police similarly there is a
central police like sent CRPF BS FN and
other paramilitary forces education in
education state board comes each state
has its own state board similarly CB s
CN icsc deo Lada
they are coming the state their sorry
union is Union government under being
under government so all those subjects
which are tackled by both meaning the
state East are come to the Union now as
we all know that the change changing is
the main principle of nature thinning is
the main principle of ocean nature like
more after morning comes afternoon or
after one comes night and the next day
income state we are children and young
and then come fall similarly today let
me make the Constitution these these are
the subject which are very which are
which are very different for the current
can may be possible that in their
features they are not important for the
country and some usages will come like
when we make the coefficient at that
time there was no computer but to get a
computer is the main lifeline of the
system so today we have where IP has its
own company stir why we have my videos
more importance today so the subjects
which are not mentioned in the
Constitution whether they are coming in
any estate listing con countries these
debts are comes in residual list or this
will be supported
serves now the question comes that Jesus
daily suggests article by moon state
center or it comes in Concord till it is
not mentioned for specified in the
Constitution by an amendment
these are Jesus jets article by the
Union list and after that when it is
mentioned through an amendment then it
is handled by the list in which the
subject is intention so today we learn
about federalism the key features of
federalism and the powers
what a federalism the types of
federalism and the powers divided in the
federal reserve's in the next class we
will see that how factor ism is
practiced like in India the our
linguistic states for that we take a
language policy we will see that three
three different central and state
relations which we face and you will see
that the decentralization of India and
then we will come to the conclusions of
the topic that's all for today