British Rule in India - Colonialism Video Lecture - Class 2

in the last two sections you learned
about imperialism in Southeast Asia and
Africa in this section you'll learn
about the British Empire in India
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thus appointee over the course of the
18th century British power in India had
increased while the power of the Mughal
rulers had declined the British East
India Company had given power by the
British government to rule India the
British East India Company had its own
soldiers and forts
it also hired Indian soldiers known as
sepoys to protect his interests in 1857
the Indians distrust of the British led
to a revolt the revolt was known to the
British as the great rebellion or thus
appointee Indians called it the first
War of Independence the immediate cause
of the revolt was a rumor that they
British were issuing their Indian troops
new bullets that were greased with cow
and pig fat the cow was sacred to Hindus
the pig was taboo to Muslims
a group of sepoys refused to load their
rifles with the new bullets when the
British arrested them the sepoys went on
a rampage they killed 50 Europeans the
revolt was quickly spread the Indian
troops fought bravely but were not well
organized rivalries between Hindus and
Muslims kept Indians from working
together within a year the revolt was
crushed as a result of the revolt the
British Parliament transferred the
powers of the East India Company
directly to the British government in
1876 Queen Victoria was given the title
of Empress of India
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colonial rule
the British government ruled India
directly through a British official
known as a Viceroy or a governor who
ruled as a representative of a monarch
British rule had both benefits and costs
for the Indian people there were four
main benefits British rule brought order
and stability to India it also led to a
fairly honest and efficient government a
new school system was set up its goal
was to train Indian children to serve in
the government and army but only elite
upper-class Indians could attend finally
the British brought railroads the
Telegraph and a postal service to India
British rule also had costs for the
Indian people British manufactured goods
destroyed local industries for example
the introduction of British textiles put
thousands of women out of work and
severely damaged the Indian textile
industry in rural areas the British sent
the sama Dons to collect taxes that the
zamindar's took advantage of their new
Authority and increased taxes this
forced many peasants to become tenants
or lose their lands entirely the British
also encouraged many farmers to switch
from growing food to grow in cotton as a
result food supplies could not keep up
with the growing population between 1800
and 1930 million Indians starve died of
starvation finally British rule was
degrading the best jobs and best housing
were reserved for the British
despite their education the Indians were
never considered equals of the British
the British were also disrespectful of
India's cultural heritage
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an Indian nationalist movement British
racial attitudes led to the rise of an
Indian nationalist movement the first
Indian nationalists were upper-class and
English educated some were trained in
British law and were members of the
civil service in 1885 small group of
Indians formed the Indian National
Congress the Indian National Congress
did not demand immediate independence
but did call for a share and
governmental process the Indian National
Congress had difficulties because of
religious differences many of its
leaders were Hindu and reflected Hindu
concerns Muslims began to call for the
creation of a separate Muslim League to
represent the interests of the Muslims
in India in 1915 Mohandas Gandhi brought
new life to India's struggle for
independence Gandhi was born in India
but studied in London he became a lawyer
and went to South Africa after he
returned to India he became active in
the independence movement he set up a
movement based on nonviolent resistance
it had two goals to force the British to
improve the lot of the poor and to gain
independence for India
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colonial Indian culture a cultural
revival took place in India in the early
19th century it began with the creation
of a British college in Calcutta
a local publishing house was soon opened
it printed text books on various
subjects as well as grammars and
dictionaries in the Indian languages
the revival soon spread to other regions
of India Indian novelists and poets
began writing historical romances and
epics most preferred to use their own
regional languages rather than English
the most famous Indian author was Robin
Arif Tagore he was also a social
reformer a spiritual leader educator
philosopher singer and painter Tagore's
life mission was to promote national
pride Tagore was more than just an
indian nationalist however he worked for
human dignity world peace and the mutual
understanding between east and west
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