Conductors and Insulators - Electricity Circuits Video Lecture - IB Grade

good morning kids let's learn about an
important concept related to electricity
that is conductors and insulators now we
have a fair idea on how electricity
works for this in a previous class we
had taken the analogy of a bus traveling
over a bridge let us revise that again
for going to school on the other side of
the bridge the bus picked a man near his
home at the toll booth after the payment
the gate opened and the bus was allowed
to cross the one-way bridge like the
flow of the bus on the bridge the
electricity is something that flows in
an electric wire the flow of electric
current is in a fixed direction only
like the flow of bus on a one-way bridge
like the buses complete path starting
near a man's home using bridge a then
reaching the school and after school the
bus going back to amongst house using
the bridge P the current also needs a
complete part to flow that is coming
back to the starting point again this
complete path is called circuit also the
flow of electric current can be started
or stopped using a switch so the switch
acts like a controller of current like
the toll wood for the bridge crossing
continuing with the same analogy what is
used to make bridges or roads for the
buses to pass can we use bamboo or mud
no we use cement concrete iron etc so
all kinds of materials cannot be used to
make a bridge or road that supports the
flow of many heavy vehicles same way
what kinds of wire are used to pass
electricity can we use woolen string in
place of electric wire or a rubber
string let us find it out
when we used electric fire in the
circuit the bulb glowed what if we
replace a part of circuit with wool will
it glow as we see it doesn't now let us
use a rubber string instead of wool here
again we see the bulb doesn't glow when
we replace a part of circuit with the
rubber string so we conclude not all
materials allow electric current to pass
through it
what is electric wire made of let us
take an electric wire used at home and
remove its plastic covering using a
plier what do we see inside there is a
metallic wire generally copper wire it
is this wire that allows the electric
current to flow through it the materials
like metals which allow the electric
current to flow through them are called
conductors as they can conduct
electricity so a circuit is made of
these kind of materials and that is why
we use copper or iron or aluminum wire
for electric circuits do you know why do
the electricians wear rubber gloves
while working with electric instruments
etc electricians wear rubber gloves
because it doesn't allow electricity to
flow through it and he wouldn't get
electric shock so the materials like
rubber plastic wood etc don't allow
electric current to pass through them
these are called non conductors are also
known as insulators as they insulate us
against electricity now it must be easy
to understand why switches electric
plugs and sockets are made of conducting
materials this is to pass electricity
through them also why the outer
coverings of plug so
market regulators and even electric
wires are made of insulators like rubber
and plastic these are the parts which
people might touch and the insulator
safeguard us from the electric shock so
we see conductors and insulators are
equally important for us lastly there is
something we should always remember
electricity can be dangerous too you
must have heard of electric shocks which
are very bad and painful too so while
handling an electric equipment or a
switch only touch the parts which are
covered with non conducting materials
like plastic rubber etc not the metal
parts for example when you are using a
charger do not touch the metal part of
it we shouldn't touch electric
appliances with wet hands and always
wear rubber gloves or chapels that is
any rubber Footwear while dealing with
electricity and most important kids
should never try to experiment with the
electricity alone as it is dangerous
whenever required it should be done
under the adult supervision for safety
you must be thinking why so many
precautions are necessary this is
because our body is a conductor of
electricity electricity can pass through
our body and give a shock that is
dangerous for life therefore we should
be careful when we handle any electric
appliance that was all about conductors
and insulators bye bye kids