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Dalton's Atomic Theory - Atoms & Molecules Video Lecture - Class 9
FAQs on Dalton's Atomic Theory - Atoms & Molecules Video Lecture - Class 9
| 1. What is Dalton's Atomic Theory? |  |
Ans. Dalton's Atomic Theory, proposed by John Dalton in the early 19th century, states that all matter is composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. According to this theory, atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided further. Each element is made up of identical atoms, and different elements have different types of atoms. Atoms of different elements can combine to form compounds in fixed ratios.
| 2. How did Dalton's Atomic Theory contribute to our understanding of atoms and molecules? | |
Ans. Dalton's Atomic Theory revolutionized our understanding of atoms and molecules by providing a scientific basis for the behavior and properties of matter. It explained how elements combine to form compounds, the conservation of mass in chemical reactions, and the concept of atomic mass. Dalton's theory laid the foundation for further advancements in atomic theory and the development of modern chemistry.
| 3. Can atoms be further divided into smaller particles according to Dalton's Atomic Theory? | |
Ans. According to Dalton's Atomic Theory, atoms are indivisible and cannot be further divided into smaller particles. However, with the discovery of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons, it was later realized that atoms are not truly indivisible. Instead, they are composed of these subatomic particles. Nevertheless, Dalton's Atomic Theory remains a significant milestone in our understanding of atoms, despite its limitations.
| 4. How does Dalton's Atomic Theory explain the concept of chemical reactions? | |
Ans. Dalton's Atomic Theory explains chemical reactions as the rearrangement of atoms to form new compounds. According to this theory, atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Instead, they simply rearrange to form different molecules with new properties. The conservation of mass observed in chemical reactions can be attributed to this principle, as the total number of atoms before and after the reaction remains constant.
| 5. Is Dalton's Atomic Theory still valid today? | |
Ans. While Dalton's Atomic Theory has been modified and expanded upon with new discoveries, it still forms the basis of modern atomic theory. The concept of atoms as the fundamental building blocks of matter remains valid, and many of the principles proposed by Dalton, such as the conservation of mass in chemical reactions, still hold true. However, our understanding of atoms has evolved with advancements in scientific research, leading to a more detailed and complex atomic model.
Text Transcript from Video
all right so here we're going to go over
Dalton's atomic theory and Dalton came
up with this theory in 1808 and in
recent years prior to 1808 remember we
have the law of conservation of mass
that was Antoine Lavoisier came up with
that one which says that matter can
neither be created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction and then we also have
the law of definite proportions
compliments of Joseph post which says
that for any compound there's a definite
ratio of the constituent elements in
that compound regardless of where you
got it or how it was how the compound
was prepared and then you also have the
law of multiple proportions which was
which was formulated by Dalton himself
and remember the law of multiple
proportions just says that if we have
two compounds of the same two elements
if we if we hold you know if we hold the
mass of one of those elements constant
then we can express the ratio of the
masses of the other element in small
whole numbers so Dalton's atomic theory
basically explains these three laws and
it Dalton's atomic theory was very very
remarkable at the time however there are
some differences between Dalton's atomic
theory and the atomic theory of today so
we're going to go over all of the parts
of Dalton's atomic theory we're also
going to go over some of the
similarities and differences between
Dalton's atomic theory and today's
atomic theory so the first part of
Dalton's atomic theory says that all
matter is composed of atoms and the
atoms are indivisible and indestructible
and this fact was accepted for a very
very very long time after after Dalton
came up with this theory but as
technology you know increased and newer
techniques became available of you know
separation it became known that meta
atoms are actually composed of subatomic
particles you know like protons neutrons
electrons things like that and in
nuclear chemistry if you carry out a
nuclear reaction you can also destroy an
atom so in a chemical reaction you can't
destroy atom but in a nuclear reaction
you can so that's just sort of a small
difference between a Dalton's theory and
today's theory so let's go over the
second part second part says that all
atoms of a given element have the same
mass and other properties that
distinguish them from other atoms now
while the second part of this sentence
is true that all atoms of a given
element have properties that distinguish
them from other atoms it's not
necessarily true that they all have the
same mass in fact there do exist atoms
of the same element that have different
mass and we call those isotopes
they differ only in the number of
neutrons and today the way the way that
we characterize an element is we say
that instead of all atoms of a given
element have the same mass we say that
all atoms of the same element excuse me
all atoms of a given element have the
same atomic number which is simply the
number of protons in the nucleus of that
atom so a little bit different now but
like I said pretty remarkable at the
time let's go over the third part the
third part says the atoms combine to
form compounds in simple whole-number
ratios that is still true today now
let's go over the fourth part the fourth
part says that an atom of one element
cannot change into an atom of another
element chemical reactions involve the
arrearage
simply the rearrangement of atoms so the
way the atoms are bound together changes
in a chemical reaction but the atoms are
not changed from one atom to another it
is what Dalton was trying to say here
and this is you know this is actually
sort of an oversimplification as well
because again when we consider nuclear
chemistry in a nuclear reaction indeed
an atom can change from into another
type of atom it can capture you know
some other subatomic particle from
somewhere and you know you can have a
carbene you know that turns into a
nitrogen that that is possible with a
nuclear reaction but not in a chemical
reaction so Dalton's atomic theory
theory applies mainly to chemical
reactions so there you have it that is
Dalton's atomic theory
Dalton's atomic theory and Dalton came
up with this theory in 1808 and in
recent years prior to 1808 remember we
have the law of conservation of mass
that was Antoine Lavoisier came up with
that one which says that matter can
neither be created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction and then we also have
the law of definite proportions
compliments of Joseph post which says
that for any compound there's a definite
ratio of the constituent elements in
that compound regardless of where you
got it or how it was how the compound
was prepared and then you also have the
law of multiple proportions which was
which was formulated by Dalton himself
and remember the law of multiple
proportions just says that if we have
two compounds of the same two elements
if we if we hold you know if we hold the
mass of one of those elements constant
then we can express the ratio of the
masses of the other element in small
whole numbers so Dalton's atomic theory
basically explains these three laws and
it Dalton's atomic theory was very very
remarkable at the time however there are
some differences between Dalton's atomic
theory and the atomic theory of today so
we're going to go over all of the parts
of Dalton's atomic theory we're also
going to go over some of the
similarities and differences between
Dalton's atomic theory and today's
atomic theory so the first part of
Dalton's atomic theory says that all
matter is composed of atoms and the
atoms are indivisible and indestructible
and this fact was accepted for a very
very very long time after after Dalton
came up with this theory but as
technology you know increased and newer
techniques became available of you know
separation it became known that meta
atoms are actually composed of subatomic
particles you know like protons neutrons
electrons things like that and in
nuclear chemistry if you carry out a
nuclear reaction you can also destroy an
atom so in a chemical reaction you can't
destroy atom but in a nuclear reaction
you can so that's just sort of a small
difference between a Dalton's theory and
today's theory so let's go over the
second part second part says that all
atoms of a given element have the same
mass and other properties that
distinguish them from other atoms now
while the second part of this sentence
is true that all atoms of a given
element have properties that distinguish
them from other atoms it's not
necessarily true that they all have the
same mass in fact there do exist atoms
of the same element that have different
mass and we call those isotopes
they differ only in the number of
neutrons and today the way the way that
we characterize an element is we say
that instead of all atoms of a given
element have the same mass we say that
all atoms of the same element excuse me
all atoms of a given element have the
same atomic number which is simply the
number of protons in the nucleus of that
atom so a little bit different now but
like I said pretty remarkable at the
time let's go over the third part the
third part says the atoms combine to
form compounds in simple whole-number
ratios that is still true today now
let's go over the fourth part the fourth
part says that an atom of one element
cannot change into an atom of another
element chemical reactions involve the
arrearage
simply the rearrangement of atoms so the
way the atoms are bound together changes
in a chemical reaction but the atoms are
not changed from one atom to another it
is what Dalton was trying to say here
and this is you know this is actually
sort of an oversimplification as well
because again when we consider nuclear
chemistry in a nuclear reaction indeed
an atom can change from into another
type of atom it can capture you know
some other subatomic particle from
somewhere and you know you can have a
carbene you know that turns into a
nitrogen that that is possible with a
nuclear reaction but not in a chemical
reaction so Dalton's atomic theory
theory applies mainly to chemical
reactions so there you have it that is
Dalton's atomic theory
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