Industries (Overview) Video Lecture - Class 8

hi welcome to class 8 geography
resources and development chapter 5
industries these days our lives are much
easier than before I'm talking about
cell phones computers lamp electricity
and these changes have all been the
effect of the Industrial Revolution
therefore in this chapter we'll read
about what is an industry and what are
the classification of industries and
then later on we'll read about factors
affecting location of industries and
after that we'll read about the
industrial system and the industrial
region because these two are very
important topic because it is not only
necessary to understand this but it is
very helpful in connecting the dot
regarding the other informations in the
other chapters then in the end we'll
read about some specific industries like
iron and steel industry cotton textile
industry and information technology so
with no further ado let's begin so what
is an industry in this chapter the
definition says industry refers to an
economic activity that is concerned with
production of goods extraction of
minerals or the provision of services so
in simple terms it means you go out in
the world you find whatever that you
find if you can extract it produce it
refine it and serve it to the people
that is where an industry is born now
the question is what is the use of an
industry well in simple terms it
provides value to the raw materials
because nobody's going to buy fossils
you have to make fuel out of it and then
you have to make oil or patrol out of it
and sell it in the form of energy and
the next topic is classification of
industries industries are classified on
the basis of three things raw materials
size and ownership let us briefly read
about each of the factors first raw
materials industries are labeled as agro
based mineral based
marine based and forest paste that is
based on their raw materials
so if you see agro agriculture
everything has to deal with plants and
animals and the second one is mineral
based industries so when we say minerals
here they deal with iron made from iron
ore and other sorts of minerals which
are used for manufacturing heavy
machinery buildings materials and
railway industries and then we have mine
based industries by the word marine you
can figure out it's related to sea and
oceans and here they produce seafood or
manufacture fish oil and then we have
forest based industries here we are
talking about
that we find in forest like trees would
cure the industry is mainly focused on
paper industries pharmaceutical
furniture and building material and the
second factor is size so when we say
size we mean how much of money is
invested in that particular industry how
many people are employed there and what
is the volume of production that is the
output so based on the size industries
can be classified into two categories
that is small-scale industry and
large-scale industry so small scales are
the ones wherein people manufacture
things out of their hand so some of the
examples are basket weaving pottery and
other handicrafts so here the capital is
comparatively less and technology is
also not advanced on the other hand
large-scale industries are exactly
opposite of small scale industry here
the capital is huge and technology is
advanced some of the examples are
production of automobiles and heavy
machinery are some of the large-scale
industries and the loss factors
ownership so based on ownership
industries are classified into private
sector state-owned or public sector
joint sector or cooperative sector
private sector industries are owned and
operated by individuals or group of
individuals public sector industries are
owned and operated by the government so
all the government employees come under
public sector join sector industries are
owned and operated by the state and
individual or a group of individual and
in the end we have cooperative sector
so in this the industries are owned and
operated by the producers or suppliers
of raw material a good example would be
suppose you own a dairy farm so you will
produce all kinds of milk products like
cheese butter curd etc so now think
about what all businesses can be a
client you will serve the food industry
so this is what is the meaning of
producers or suppliers of raw materials
operate and own the business so here you
are producing milk and other products in
your dairy farm so you are supplying it
to other industries which rely on you so
now we will read about factors that
affect the location of industries so we
have communication transport land power
raw material labour capital market and
water so if you see all the industries
that are there in India you see all
these factors are available easily
available nearby to it or if some
industry is affected by lack of any of
these factors then the Government of
India
Jepson and helps them by giving
incentives like subsidized power which
means providing power at lower rate than
lower transportation cost and other
economic favors and the reason
government helps them is because
industrialization often leads to
development and growth of towns in
cities and the next topic is industrial
system and industrial region we've read
this in previous chapter that is in
agriculture that a system comprises of
inputs processes and outputs and it is
the same in industrial system as well so
here the inputs are basically raw
materials labor cost of land transport
power and other infrastructure and the
process refers to the wide range of
activity that converts the raw material
into finished product and output refers
to the income or profit earned over the
final product the next topic is
industrial regions so industrial region
is a place where a number of industries
locate those to each other and share the
benefits of their closeness so some of
the industrial regions of the world are
eastern North America Western and
Central Europe Eastern Europe and
eastern Asia and some of the industrial
regions in India are I'll put all of
this in a map just have a look at this
map mumbai pune cluster bangalore
Tamilnadu region Hooghly region and the
Baths Baroda region chota Nagpur
industrial belt Vishakhapatnam Guntur
belt Google Delhi mirrored region and
column through one and purim industrial
cluster the next topic is distribution
of major industries so three of the
world's major industries are iron and
steel industry the textile industry and
the information technology industry iron
and steel is the oldest one since
Industrial Revolution took place in 18th
century it has to be the oldest industry
in the world and on the other hand
information technology is an emerging
industry the countries in which iron and
steel industry is located are Germany
USA China Japan and Russia and it is
natural to believe that these countries
also produce heavy machineries and cars
no wonder they have iron industries
which is flourishing
the next is textile industry it is
mainly concentrated in India Hong Kong
South Korea Japan and Taiwan you must
have noticed that a lot of time when you
buy any textile or garment in that it's
written made in the India made in Hong
Kong made in South Korea Japan Taiwan
these places are concentrated in textile
industry and the third is Information
Technology
now the hub of information technology is
Silicon Valley and in India it's located
in Bangalore now let us read about some
specific industries first iron and steel
industry we have read this before that
it has inputs processes and outputs the
inputs for this industry includes raw
materials such as iron ore coal
limestone along with labor capital site
and other infrastructure and in terms of
process it is the blast furnace in which
smelting undergoes and raw material is
then converted into solid steel so the
output is steel which is used by
industries across the sector
look at this figure it's pretty evident
that how 8 tons of coal plus 4 tons of
iron ore plus 1 ton of limestone will
give you fine one ton of steel sheet so
just imagine how much of raw material is
required to create that amount of Steel
which is very less compared to how much
of things you have put in now special
alloys of steel can be created by adding
special materials such as aluminium
nickel and copper so that it gives that
sturdiness and unusual hardness because
you need iron for heavy machinery so
they have to be very tough and sturdy so
that it can withstand and get the job
done the steel is often called the
backbone of modern industry it is pretty
evident that everything around us is
built on steel if you see ships train
trucks autos all are made out of steel
and in fact steel is also required for
extracting other resources such as oil
and other things wherein you need heavy
machineries which are built out of
strong steel and you need pipelines also
to transport oil which is again made out
of steel so now we understand how steel
is called as the backbone of modern
industry so here is a cool story before
1880 these iron and steel industries
used to be located where raw material
power supply and running water were
easily available because it was common
sense that why do you need to travel so
far get a job done it's easy to create a
business or an industry next to the
location where it's ideal to find raw
materials but then later on these things
got changed the thinking got changed the
industry was near coal fields and close
to canals and railways I think you can
understand why it is near 2 canals and
railways for transportation stuff so
after 1950 they started shifting this
industry and created them just on the
flat land near seaport and
because now we export a lot of Steel
through ships because ship is the
cheapest way of transportation and you
can export bulks of iron to different
nations so this is the entire story so
just have a look at this picture and
it's pretty evident how industry shifted
from locations from pure land mass to
next to water bodies so some of the iron
and steel industry is located in India
are I'll just put all of this in a map
and you can have a look at this so just
pause the video and have a look at them
and the next is cotton textile industry
so as we know weaving is an ancient art
cotton wool silk jute have been used for
making cloth so textile industry uses
fiber as the raw material the fibers is
further divided into natural or man-made
fibers and natural fibers are obtained
from wool silk cotton linen and jute
man-made fibers include nylon polyester
acrylic and rayon so cotton industry has
gone through a remarkable change till
the Industrial Revolution in the 18th
century cotton clothes were made using
hand spinning techniques and looms so
now we have state-of-the-art technology
and today India China Japan and USA are
the important producers of cotton
textiles so with modernization demand
rises there for production of hand-woven
cotton textiles was expensive and
time-consuming they were not able to
fulfill the entire demand therefore it
has to go through the competition from
the new textile mills of the West and
the first modern textile mill in India
was established in Mumbai in 1854
because of the warm moist climate and
the port facility which is nearby it for
importing and exporting raw materials
and they also had skilled labor which
resulted in rapid expansion of the
industry in that region and then from
Maharashtra it got spread to Gujarat and
today we don't need to wait for much
time because humidity can be created
artificially therefore the this industry
is flourishing and has expanded in India
in places such as Coimbatore Kanpur
Chennai and the word Mumbai Kolkata
Ludhiana Pondicherry and Panipat the
last and final topic is information
technology so the work of information
technology is nothing but storing
processing and distributing the
information so information technology is
nothing but a support service wherein
with the help of information they
provide services and create businesses
and the reason behind its expansion is
because of technological political and
socio-economic events because every
country wants to be modern and to be
modern it means you need to be
technologically advanced and then
political because if you see a lot of
jobs are being outsourced to a lot of
developing countries from developed
countries
hence it's a great opportunity for
creating revenue and increasing the
socio economic factor of the country so
again the factors affecting the location
of these industries are if you are a
business owner
you look for availability of resources
caused an infrastructure to set up an IT
industry and the same is here as well
and the major hubs of IT industry are
the Silicon Valley California and
Bangalore in India now we all know that
Bangalore is located on the Deccan
Plateau where it gets the name silicon
Plateau and on the other hand Silicon
Valley is part of Santa Clara Valley
which is there next to the Rocky
Mountains of North America so if you see
these two are the ideal places with
ideal climate at the respective
countries because we know here in India
Bangalore has an awesome climate despite
being in the tropical region it's
neither too warm neither too cold and on
the other hand Silicon Valley is located
in temperate zone and faces the
temperate sort of climate therefore the
temperature over there is also neither
too cool neither too warm so you see how
they have similar climatic situation so
in India places like Mumbai New Delhi
Hyderabad and Chennai are the hubs of IT
sector and there are other cities such
as Gurgaon Pune through one and purim
Kochi and Chandigarh which are coming up
and Bangalore has always had a unique
advantage because it has the highest
availability of middle and top
management talent and with this we have
come to an end of this chapter
it was a long chapter I hope you found
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