CBSE Class 11 > Class 11 Videos > L16 : Liquidification of gas - states of matter, Class 11
L16 Liquidification of gas - states of matter, Class 11 Video Lecture
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video states of
matter part 16 is brought to you by exam
fear calm no more fear from exam before
watching the video please make sure that
you have watched part 1 - part 15 see
the first guy who I had a complete
pressure volume temperature for both
gaseous and liquid state was Thomas
Andrews and heat for carbon dioxide and
the fact this carbon dioxide is a
behaves like a real gas right so he
thought hit the ice were thumbs where
the temperature is constant explain this
graph to you and why we are studying
this graph is because real gas behaves
like carbon messages plane this was a
job didn't by Thomas and you observe
that thirty point nine eight degrees
Celsius please no degree Celsius the
critical temperature of carbon dioxide
because this is the highest temperature
at which the liquid carbon makes it
worse also so if if he has maintained
the carbon dioxide as five hundred
degrees 50 degree Celsius he found that
the carbon tax was always gas so you
change the pressure and volume but this
carbon touch is always gas he made it
31 point one degree Celsius still he saw
the carbon dioxide when the Green Line
was always gas then if he tweak the
pressure volume he found that that
carbon tax is always cast the moment he
made it 30.98 the one in the blue line
he saw I provided this kind of car and
he saw liquid a small amount of liquid
vapors in the liquid state for in the
carbon Dyson vapors that mean that was
the temperature this is a small there
was a maximum temperature highest
temperature at which the liquid was
coming or the hydrogen caused common
Dyson wiser was turning into liquid
state and if you decrease the
temperature further he found that he
could easily get the liquid state but
ever thirty point nine eight degree
Celsius no chance of getting carbon
Dyson is in a liquid form no matter what
pressure boiling you
right so the maximum value of
temperature at which the carbon dioxide
is in liquid state was thirty point nine
eight degree searching above this
temperature carbon Dyson's always gas no
matter what pressure volume you tweak
the pressure by room doesn't matter it
will always be gas only if you have
temperature below thirty point nine
eight degree Celsius behave like up okay
the blue line is a liquid like the blue
area is a liquid area and he observed
good friends here actually you see many
was plotting the graph for this case
this case twenty one point five degree
says is you got a graph like this and
after point C he he did use the pressure
further but the volume is constant if
you see from here he was reducing the
pressure since I told that pressure is
inversely proportional to volume right
she was using the pressure the volume
was increasing you see here the volume
was v3 here the volume is V 2 is greater
than V 3 because reducing the pressure
the wall is increasing but at Point C
the more weight it started becoming a
liquid carbon decide right so he was he
was trying to reduce the pressure the
volume increased but the pressure was
constant Aki first some time right and
then it went down correct so was if you
see the blue one so what he did was that
supposed to be was trying to tweak the
volume so he had some volume here then
he decrease the volume a lot but the
pressure was constant if you see the
pressure was constant so from this point
to this point the pressure was common
and if further decrease the volume he
saw a change in pressure
try to see from here to here also if you
see if you see this in this fashion you
have some volume so from here you saw
had you had some volume then use u he
decrease the volume
he saw the pressure dropped but he needs
to be do then he decrease the volume
furthermore when when the when we saw a
fluid kind of state where we had the
both gas
and the liquid stay because purities of
the mud gas and liquid will in the next
slide so he saw that the pressured in
changing decrease the volume loud
pressured and change he kept in
situation the but the bottom didn't
change right and then i'm further
decreasing the volume he found at a
point where then he found that the
pressure started decreasing so let's go
back to the critical temperature be a
part thirty point ninety so at this
critical temperature the volume of one
mole of the gas at this temperature is
called the critical volume and the
pressure at that point is four critical
pressure it would be seen this guy is
the critical pressure and this guy is my
critical volume right also note that
this these all this critical temperature
critical pressure getting involve our
critical constant and as i told there is
a continuity in the act or some liquid
state so these are all the blue ones
where you see there is a continuity so
the gas also exists the liquid also
exists both are in the continuous state
so from here to here for example you
start with some volume and you start
with the temperature twenty one point
finding yourself you start with volume V
three it is in gas state you may get
volume YouTube it will be a small liquid
start coming out and the pressure will
decrease
you keep decreasing the volume but you
see that the pressure won't drop fully
after some point at let suppose this
point V X you'll see that the pressure
again start de cuisine and it will be in
the liquid form that correct so let us
understand the fluid with all the fluid
there's nothing but a continuous state
for
liquid and gas so as I told this a
continuity between gas and liquid and
that's what I fluid the term fluid is
used either for liquid or gas just to
recognize the continuity explained the
continuity we use a dump all fluid and
liquid can be used as nothing but a very
dense gas and if you see the liquid gas
can be just finished only when the as I
told the fluid is below critical
temperature if it's above critical
temperature
you can't even distinguish right and
suppression Moll apply in the same dome
and in this situation there is a surface
actually separate and then equilibrium
in the surface and separates both this
two and their different phase and in the
absence of this surface there is no way
to distinguish because you can't even
actually distinguish there is a surface
kind of thing which distinguish between
these two phase in equilibrium and once
at this critical once this particular
gas in the critical temperature the
liquid if you see that will pass into
gaseous state and the surface will start
disappear
and once you you are in the critical
temperature and when you apply the
pressure you see that the liquid will
come up the gas will be liquefied so to
liquefy the gas first thing is required
as the critical temperature the gas has
to be low critical temperature and then
you do apply some pressure to make it
liquid correct and the some critical
concern has explained a TCP C + VC is a
explained by for some of the gases are
mentioned here for hydrogen if you see
it is 33.2 Kelvin pressure is twelve
point nine seven bar and the volume is
this much DN cube is nothing but my
leader actually later but more so these
are the values we have for different
substance and you see all these vary a
lot see the temperature is thirty-four
hydrogen or carbon dioxide is three
hundred for water is 640 so these values
vary depending on the type of molecule
is it take some example on this say that
the gases pushes characteristic critical
temperature which depends on the
magnitude of internal intermolecular
force between the gas critical
temperature of ammonia and carbon
Dyson's are given so critical
temperature for ammonia is how much for
0-5 0.5 Kelvin
and carbon dioxide is what three is zero
four point one zero Kelvin right which
of this gas will liquefy first when you
start cooling from 500 killer so you
have y1 and Kelvin you start cooling the
next temperature will come as what four
and five children
the next time he will come with what
Shri not fall correct
the next you make it zero zero kill it
this is how you live your wife 4:05
children what is their ammonia is here
and three zero four you have carbon
rising so if you see when so er zero
five comes em when you have a liquefied
ammonia liquid by but the covered Nexen
is not liquefied here because the carbon
dioxide will liquefy only when the
temperature is below three not four so
ammonia will liquefy first right if we
start cooling from 580 if it is never
around
you start heating from zero Kelvin then
you see first three zero four is reached
that means in fact both will liquefy if
you start at zero Kelvin what will the
guy because at this point both this will
satisfy we say that that temperature has
to be lower than the critical
temperature so the question says you
start at zero Kelvin and you start
heating if I are not killing which will
look for a first it is not covered I say
it is both why because at zero given
itself both will liquefy given that we
have proper pressure correct why because
at this both are satisfying our
condition is anything below this okay if
you start from final @k at 4:05 K it
will satisfy mother Maria but won't
satisfy for a carbon dioxide so ammonia
will you thank you visit exam viacom to
watch free education videos try free
online tests get the best square
demetria's study from the best tutors
and mentors and much more
thanks and screen
matter part 16 is brought to you by exam
fear calm no more fear from exam before
watching the video please make sure that
you have watched part 1 - part 15 see
the first guy who I had a complete
pressure volume temperature for both
gaseous and liquid state was Thomas
Andrews and heat for carbon dioxide and
the fact this carbon dioxide is a
behaves like a real gas right so he
thought hit the ice were thumbs where
the temperature is constant explain this
graph to you and why we are studying
this graph is because real gas behaves
like carbon messages plane this was a
job didn't by Thomas and you observe
that thirty point nine eight degrees
Celsius please no degree Celsius the
critical temperature of carbon dioxide
because this is the highest temperature
at which the liquid carbon makes it
worse also so if if he has maintained
the carbon dioxide as five hundred
degrees 50 degree Celsius he found that
the carbon tax was always gas so you
change the pressure and volume but this
carbon touch is always gas he made it
31 point one degree Celsius still he saw
the carbon dioxide when the Green Line
was always gas then if he tweak the
pressure volume he found that that
carbon tax is always cast the moment he
made it 30.98 the one in the blue line
he saw I provided this kind of car and
he saw liquid a small amount of liquid
vapors in the liquid state for in the
carbon Dyson vapors that mean that was
the temperature this is a small there
was a maximum temperature highest
temperature at which the liquid was
coming or the hydrogen caused common
Dyson wiser was turning into liquid
state and if you decrease the
temperature further he found that he
could easily get the liquid state but
ever thirty point nine eight degree
Celsius no chance of getting carbon
Dyson is in a liquid form no matter what
pressure boiling you
right so the maximum value of
temperature at which the carbon dioxide
is in liquid state was thirty point nine
eight degree searching above this
temperature carbon Dyson's always gas no
matter what pressure volume you tweak
the pressure by room doesn't matter it
will always be gas only if you have
temperature below thirty point nine
eight degree Celsius behave like up okay
the blue line is a liquid like the blue
area is a liquid area and he observed
good friends here actually you see many
was plotting the graph for this case
this case twenty one point five degree
says is you got a graph like this and
after point C he he did use the pressure
further but the volume is constant if
you see from here he was reducing the
pressure since I told that pressure is
inversely proportional to volume right
she was using the pressure the volume
was increasing you see here the volume
was v3 here the volume is V 2 is greater
than V 3 because reducing the pressure
the wall is increasing but at Point C
the more weight it started becoming a
liquid carbon decide right so he was he
was trying to reduce the pressure the
volume increased but the pressure was
constant Aki first some time right and
then it went down correct so was if you
see the blue one so what he did was that
supposed to be was trying to tweak the
volume so he had some volume here then
he decrease the volume a lot but the
pressure was constant if you see the
pressure was constant so from this point
to this point the pressure was common
and if further decrease the volume he
saw a change in pressure
try to see from here to here also if you
see if you see this in this fashion you
have some volume so from here you saw
had you had some volume then use u he
decrease the volume
he saw the pressure dropped but he needs
to be do then he decrease the volume
furthermore when when the when we saw a
fluid kind of state where we had the
both gas
and the liquid stay because purities of
the mud gas and liquid will in the next
slide so he saw that the pressured in
changing decrease the volume loud
pressured and change he kept in
situation the but the bottom didn't
change right and then i'm further
decreasing the volume he found at a
point where then he found that the
pressure started decreasing so let's go
back to the critical temperature be a
part thirty point ninety so at this
critical temperature the volume of one
mole of the gas at this temperature is
called the critical volume and the
pressure at that point is four critical
pressure it would be seen this guy is
the critical pressure and this guy is my
critical volume right also note that
this these all this critical temperature
critical pressure getting involve our
critical constant and as i told there is
a continuity in the act or some liquid
state so these are all the blue ones
where you see there is a continuity so
the gas also exists the liquid also
exists both are in the continuous state
so from here to here for example you
start with some volume and you start
with the temperature twenty one point
finding yourself you start with volume V
three it is in gas state you may get
volume YouTube it will be a small liquid
start coming out and the pressure will
decrease
you keep decreasing the volume but you
see that the pressure won't drop fully
after some point at let suppose this
point V X you'll see that the pressure
again start de cuisine and it will be in
the liquid form that correct so let us
understand the fluid with all the fluid
there's nothing but a continuous state
for
liquid and gas so as I told this a
continuity between gas and liquid and
that's what I fluid the term fluid is
used either for liquid or gas just to
recognize the continuity explained the
continuity we use a dump all fluid and
liquid can be used as nothing but a very
dense gas and if you see the liquid gas
can be just finished only when the as I
told the fluid is below critical
temperature if it's above critical
temperature
you can't even distinguish right and
suppression Moll apply in the same dome
and in this situation there is a surface
actually separate and then equilibrium
in the surface and separates both this
two and their different phase and in the
absence of this surface there is no way
to distinguish because you can't even
actually distinguish there is a surface
kind of thing which distinguish between
these two phase in equilibrium and once
at this critical once this particular
gas in the critical temperature the
liquid if you see that will pass into
gaseous state and the surface will start
disappear
and once you you are in the critical
temperature and when you apply the
pressure you see that the liquid will
come up the gas will be liquefied so to
liquefy the gas first thing is required
as the critical temperature the gas has
to be low critical temperature and then
you do apply some pressure to make it
liquid correct and the some critical
concern has explained a TCP C + VC is a
explained by for some of the gases are
mentioned here for hydrogen if you see
it is 33.2 Kelvin pressure is twelve
point nine seven bar and the volume is
this much DN cube is nothing but my
leader actually later but more so these
are the values we have for different
substance and you see all these vary a
lot see the temperature is thirty-four
hydrogen or carbon dioxide is three
hundred for water is 640 so these values
vary depending on the type of molecule
is it take some example on this say that
the gases pushes characteristic critical
temperature which depends on the
magnitude of internal intermolecular
force between the gas critical
temperature of ammonia and carbon
Dyson's are given so critical
temperature for ammonia is how much for
0-5 0.5 Kelvin
and carbon dioxide is what three is zero
four point one zero Kelvin right which
of this gas will liquefy first when you
start cooling from 500 killer so you
have y1 and Kelvin you start cooling the
next temperature will come as what four
and five children
the next time he will come with what
Shri not fall correct
the next you make it zero zero kill it
this is how you live your wife 4:05
children what is their ammonia is here
and three zero four you have carbon
rising so if you see when so er zero
five comes em when you have a liquefied
ammonia liquid by but the covered Nexen
is not liquefied here because the carbon
dioxide will liquefy only when the
temperature is below three not four so
ammonia will liquefy first right if we
start cooling from 580 if it is never
around
you start heating from zero Kelvin then
you see first three zero four is reached
that means in fact both will liquefy if
you start at zero Kelvin what will the
guy because at this point both this will
satisfy we say that that temperature has
to be lower than the critical
temperature so the question says you
start at zero Kelvin and you start
heating if I are not killing which will
look for a first it is not covered I say
it is both why because at zero given
itself both will liquefy given that we
have proper pressure correct why because
at this both are satisfying our
condition is anything below this okay if
you start from final @k at 4:05 K it
will satisfy mother Maria but won't
satisfy for a carbon dioxide so ammonia
will you thank you visit exam viacom to
watch free education videos try free
online tests get the best square
demetria's study from the best tutors
and mentors and much more
thanks and screen
About this Video
Apr 29, 2026 Last updated
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