Species, Genus, Family Video Lecture - NEET

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ok so with this idea about the taxonomic
categories what are we going to do now
we are going to discuss about each
taxonomic category in detail so we will
start with the basic unit that is we
will start with the lowermost level that
is species so gradually we will talk
about all the seven taxonomic categories
and please remember that it is very very
important to understand this concept of
taxonomy because if you understand this
only then you will be able to understand
the basics of nomenclature that how do
you name organisms so let us see what
are species they are the basic unit of
classification of organisms as we saw in
the previous slide these are group of
closely resembling organisms which are
capable of reproducing with each other
to produce offsprings an important point
to note L is closely resembling
organisms so that means there will be a
lot of similarities between organisms
belonging to the same species
now you remember some time back we were
talking about binomial nomenclature
right so when we talked about binomial
nomenclature we say that it consists of
two parts the first part is the generic
name and the second part is the specific
epithet we had also taken example that
let us suppose if we take homo sapiens
which is the binomial name for human
beings so Homo represents the genus and
sapiens this part represents the species
so basically this Homo sapiens this
represent the species to which human
beings belong so we can say that all
human beings irrespective of how they
look that like all human beings share a
lot of similarities right some might
have curly hair some might have straight
hair some might have
here some might have brown eyes so those
differences are there so that is why it
is not know that all our ghen isms
belonging to a species will be exactly
similar they will resemble very closely
now if you look at this each and every
human being they have the basic
structure similar they have two eyes one
nose one lip they have two hands right
so all those things are similar so they
will have small small differences in
each other and that is why they look
different from each other but all human
beings belong to the same species and
they are all Homo sapiens so similarly
if we take the example of cats so if you
see there are so many different
varieties of cats which we actually see
some are very black cement some are
white some have stripes on their bodies
some are very small in size some a quite
big and fat so there are many types of
that which we actually see but they all
belong to the same species and that is
why even though they look different they
are capable of producing offsprings by
reproducing amongst themselves so when
we talk about that they belong to this
species called felis catus
so this represents the specific epithet
of cats right so individuals of one
species do not breed or cannot reproduce
with other species for example a human
being and a cat they cannot reproduce to
produce a new organism they can't do
that
similarly a cat and a dog they cannot
reproduce an elephant and a tiger they
cannot reproduce because they all belong
to different species but organisms which
belong to the same species they will be
able to mate with each other and produce
new organisms clear so these are species
so whenever somebody asks you how do you
know if two organisms belong to the same
species or not so one important thing is
the capability to reproduce right so
that is something which actually denotes
whether two organisms are species or not
so examples of species human beings cat
dog mango
was each of them belong to a different
species okay so let us now talk about
the next level that is genus so what
does the genus again these are group of
closely related species that means now
we are comparing two different species
so two different species which are very
closely related now in the last slide I
gave you examples like cattle species
dogs are a species human means are two
species Tigers are a species so we have
different different species now two
species any two species which are quite
similar to each other they fall under
the same genus so those closely related
species they are known as Gina so the
plural genus is a singular is the
singular form the plural form of genus
is genera so this is the plural of Jen's
okay
so now when you talk about now if you
say what would be the example of a genus
now here if you look at the screen you
can see dogs so they are up they all
belong to the same species and the gray
wolves they belong to a different
species but if you compare the gray
wolves with the dogs
you see they share a lot of similarities
in their lips right in fact we all know
from our study on evolution that dogs
have originated from gray wolves okay we
will not get into that that how they
originated but you can see there are
there is a lot of similarity between the
dogs and gray wolves so even though they
both of them belong to different species
but since this still share some
similarities therefore we say that they
belong to the same genus so when you
look at the scientific name for tree
wood it is Canis lupus so camels denotes
the genus
so that means I'm trying to say that if
you write the sign
big name for dog the genus should be the
same so the genus here will also remain
canons and for dogs it is familiaris so
both of them share the same genus
similarly we can take another example ok
before that species in any one genus are
more closely related to each other than
two species in any other genus ok now
when I talk about one genus that means
as I said just now the dogs and the gray
voles they fall under one genus right so
dogs and gray wolves will share more
similarities amongst themselves as
compared to dogs and lion because lamb
is a different genus so life falls into
a different genus gray wolf falls into a
different chains now dog share the same
genus as graybles
therefore dogs will share more
similarities with gray wolves than with
Lyme so that is what is being told here
that species which are in the same genus
they are more closely related to each
other than to species which are in some
other genus let us take another example
the lion leopard and the tiger so if you
see they are all different species right
they do not reproduce with each other a
lion reproduces with a lioness so they
are different species but they share a
lot of similarity so if you look at this
picture itself you can see that there
are a lot of similarities between a
tiger a leopard and a lion because they
all fall under the same genus so if you
look at the scientific name of leopard
so it is panthera pardus
so Pantera denotes the genus and Pardons
denotes the species when you look at the
scientific name of a tiger it is
Panthera tigris so again the same genus
if you look at the scientific name of a
lion
it is panthera leo so the same jeans
again so we can say that organisms among
the species which are similar to each
other so those group of closely related
species is a genus let us now look at
family so now you have I guess now you
have already guessed what a family is so
family is above genus that means it is a
group of related genera with still
lesser number of similarities as
compared to genus and species because as
we go up the similarities will keep on
decreasing like when we were talking
about species we were talking about we
were comparing two dogs so the
similarity between any two dog is more
than the similarity between a dog and a
gray wolf so dog and gray would who was
a genus so now we'll talk about family
we are talking about group of related
genera that means the genus with champ
similarities amongst themselves so let
us let us take the same example of lion
tiger and Leopard
so why did we see the three of these
belong to different species but they all
belong to the same genus that is why
they share some similarities in their
appearance now if you compare them with
a cat have you ever seen that there are
some similarities between a cat and a
tiger or a leopard so there are some
cats whose appearance is also very
similar to a tiger so not to feel that a
cat is nothing but a miniature version
of a tiger so the cats also share some
similarities and that is why cats also
fall under the same family as these
three animals so now for cat what is the
family that cat belongs to so the family
to which all these belongs to is the
family Felidae so Freddy D is the family
now when I talk about a cat what is the
genus for a cat for a cat the genus is
felis what does the genus for a leopard
it is Panthera what is the genus for a
tiger
it is Panthera again and what is the
genus for a lion it is again Panthera so
this is the family the family is the
same for all of them the genus is same
for these three but different for a cat
now what about species so for a cat it
is patters for this leopard it is TARDIS
for a tiger it is tigress and for a lion
it is leo
so the species is different for each of
them that means each of them belong to
different species these three belong to
the same genus and these four belong to
the same family Felidae so now if you
compare this picture the similarities
between two lions is more because they
belong to the same species the
similarity between a lion and a tiger is
lesser the similarity between a lion and
a cat is still desam so as we are going
up the similarities are decreasing now
the next point sees that genera in one
family are more closely related to each
other than two genera in any other
family that is again very obvious so
here if you look the fact one family is
faraday so all the organisms that fall
under the family felidae will have more
similarities amongst themselves than
with any other family for example a cat
will share more similarities with a
tiger a leopard than it shares with an
elephant or a human being right because
they the human being or the elephant
they all belong to different families
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