Questions- Respiration in plants Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on respiration
in plants part 19 is brought to you by
exam feel calm no more fear from exam so
in this I think we have reached towards
the question time so now that we have
discussed this lesson on respiration in
plants where we have spoken about the
aerobic respiration and heavy
precipitation then you smooth quickly
look at some of the questions just to
evaluate what it will be has done it so
far
question number one distinguish between
respiration and combustion okay
Slater's distinguish between respiration
and combustion so as you see both
processes are similar in the sense that
in both the processes oxidation happens
to release energy but if you talk about
respiration it is a biological process
which is involved with the biological
activities taking place inside our body
when as combustion is a chemical process
desperation is a slow process because
you just now saw that right the process
of respiration is a multi-step process
so so many things take place inside our
body have to be taken food so it
actually takes time it is a slow process
whereas combustion is a fast process you
just try to burn something the process
will be very rapid it doesn't take much
time in respiration energy is stored as
ATP in the form of ATP molecules which
are utilized by the living organisms as
and when needed but in case of
combustion the energy is lost as heat so
when you burn something you see fire is
there a lot of heat is produced and that
is how they die energy is lost
respiration occurs at a normal
temperature but compassion needs a high
temperature that's why for burning the
temperature has to be high right so
these are some of the differences next
one distinguish between glycolysis and
Krebs cycle so when you talk about
glycolysis it is a part of both aerobic
and anaerobic respiration
whereas kreb cycle is only for aerobic
respiration so if you see for anaerobic
respiration the first step is like
policies because glycolysis the
not involve oxygen but if you talk about
the krebs cycle before prep cycle
oxidation of pyruvate has to take place
right so that oxidation of pyruvate
doesn't happen in case of anaerobic
respiration so this is only a part of
aerobic respiration glycolysis occurs in
cytoplasm whereas Krebs cycle occurs in
mitochondria very true glycolysis is the
first step of respiration so it was
followed by prep cycle because the krebs
cycle comes later and like Wallaces but
when you talk about Krebs cycle it
follows glycolysis so glycolysis comes
before what happens in glycolysis
glucose gets converted into pyruvate or
triumphing asset and in Krebs cycle the
pyruvate gets completely oxidized
forming a lot of nadh molecules fadh2
and ATP molecules in glycolysis co2 is
not released but in krebs cycle co2 is
released in this step so I'm sure you
would have noticed all these differences
whenever we were discussing about the
processes of glycolysis and Krebs krebs
cycle question number three distinguish
between
aerobic respiration and fermentation so
they are easy IV and OB close finish and
obviously in presence of oxygen
fermentation absence of office oxygen of
course in aerobic respiration what is
the product that is want product is
carbon dioxide water and energy lots of
energy so no alcohol or acid is formed
but a fermentation ethanol or lactic
acid is one if it is alcohol
fermentation
its own oil will be formed and if it is
there lactic acid fermentation and
obviously lactic acid but before the net
yield of ATP there is a huge difference
in aerobic respiration almost 36 to 38
ATP molecules are produced but in case
of fermentation only two ATP molecules
are produced let us look at a next
question what is the significance of
stepwise release of energy in
respiration I spoke about it before also
right that the entire process of
respiration could have been a one-step
process but in that case when so much of
energy is getting released in one step
there would have been a lot of wastage
of energy in the form of heat but when
it is happening stepwise so each step is
under our control so whatever energy is
getting really is any step that can be
further utilized for ATP synthesis so it
can be controlled in a better way
because each step is getting controlled
by an enzyme so we can control the
activity of the enzyme so that is well
that is how the entire process if it is
a multi-step process it can be
controlled in a better way the energy
can be utilized in a better way so
energy loss in the form of heat can be
prevented very true
maximum energy can be utilized for ATP
synthesis also many useful intermediates
are formed for example if you take the
example of glycolysis as a process so
glycolysis is just a part of respiration
but it was a 10 step process so it was
not only the final product pyruvic acid
which was formed there were so many
intermediate products which were also
form and those intermediate products can
actually be useful in any other
metabolic processes taking place inside
our body so that is many useful
substances are also formed between
activities of enzymes and different
steps family control yes of course
because for each and every step the
different enzyme is playing its role so
if you want to control a particular step
you can control that particular enzyme
but if it is a one step process there
will be hundreds of enzymes working on
that one single step so you will not
know which enzyme to control
- right so these are some of the reasons
because of which the stepwise release of
energy in respiration is very very
significant what are the assumptions
made during the calculation of net gain
of a TB now once our WHO and I have
finished my discussion on aerobic
respiration I told you that the total
number of ATP that is produced is 36 to
38 molecules so that is a theoretical
calculation basically because when we as
you when we actually make that
calculation we assume that every nadh
molecule which has been produced will
give rise to three ATP molecules every
fadh2 will give rise to two ATP
molecules so but actually in reality
what happens is some of the nadh
molecules might get utilized somewhere
else because the expiration is not the
only process taking place inside the
body
there are numerous processes taking
place so maybe one NADH molecules might
get utilised somewhere else so you run
short of money radius molecules so your
couch decreases by three again let us
suppose or when the process of
glycolysis is taking place in some step
some molecule is required but that
molecule has been utilized in some other
process so maybe the glycolysis did not
take place in the proper sequence so
that will also affect the net gain of
ATP molecules so when we consider that
calculation we have to make few
assumptions make this that the entire
process takes place in the exact
sequence when I say exact sequence I am
talking about the sequence which I
discussed when I explained you the
process of aerobic respiration that is
the first step has to be glycolysis and
immediately after glycolysis happened
all the products of glycolysis
should migrate from cytoplasm to
mitochondria without any loss without
any of them getting missed from in
mitochondria again the next step that is
pyruvate oxidation should take place
taking none of the products should get
missed here and there and then the third
step ladders Krebs cycle should occur it
should happen
exact sequence and is venturing to pay
and then the electron transport chain
but actually in reality things do not
happen in the exact sequence and that is
why the net gain of ATP which I say is
36 to 38 molecules is not always the
same sometimes it is quite lesser than
that
now the intermediates should be used up
in synthesis of any other compound which
is so unrealistic because there are so
many processes taking place inside our
body we might not know sometimes some of
the intermediates may be used up for
something else but we have to assume
that none of them are getting used up
NADH synthesized during glycolysis or
private beta oxidation should enter the
krebs cycle or the electron transport
system appropriately so we do not want
any kind of loss of any of the
intermediates or any of the energy rich
molecules anywhere throughout the entire
process of the respiration only that is
our calculation of net gain of ATP will
remain true so these are some of the
assumptions that we have to meet we have
to make when we calculate the net gain
of ATP no other metabolic pathway
interferes with this pathway of course
that's the same thing what we have
discussed okay so let's look at question
number 6
what does oxidative phosphorylation now
as I mentioned phosphorylation is
nothing but it means adding an inorganic
phosphates to a compound to form a new
compound so phosphorylation comes into
picture whenever we talk about ADP ADP
is a die phosphate molecule if you add
inorganic phosphate to it it forms ATP
so this process is known as
phosphorylation
now when I say oxidative phosphorylation
the term oxidative actually tells me
from where is the energy which is
required for this reaction to take place
because basically the bond is being
formed between these two so ever you
form a bond you need to supply some
energy so from where is that
getting supplied here stat energies
coming from the oxidation reduction
reactions and that is why it is called
oxidative phosphorylation so the process
of synthesizing ATP the neck Tron
transport system is known as oxidative
phosphorylation so utilization of energy
from oxidation reduction reactions to
develop the proton gradient which in
turn helps in phosphorylation of ATP to
synthesize ATP is called oxidative
photophosphorylation I mean oxidative
phosphorylation while they were talking
about photosynthesis we talked about
photophosphorylation because they're
also the same process of phosphorylation
was happening you remember there also we
spoke about the proton gradient
developing ATP synthase getting
activated and then ATP molecules being
formed there also the process of ATP
synthesis was by chemiosmotic hypothesis
same concept but the only difference was
that there this energy was provided by
sunlight and that is why the name was
photophosphorylation let us look at the
last question of this lesson discuss the
respiratory pathway is an amphipathic
pathway what is on the bottom pathway
this is a new term I'm thinking it's
both
so I'm free-balling pathway is a pathway
that involves both catabolism and
anabolism
now what does catabolism and anabolism
so when I talk about catabolism
catabolism means a bigger molecule are
more complex management
breaking down into smaller molecules and
releasing a lot of energy so that is
catabolism when I say cannibalism
I mean maybe small molecules coming
together to form a bigger molecule and
in order to find an order for this to
take place it requires energy doesn't
release energy but it requires energy so
now if there is any such process where
both catabolic as
reactions are taking place that is known
as an unfree boiling pathway so if you
look at the process of respiration that
a spirited pathway for example if we
consider the process of glycolysis what
happens in glycolysis in some of the
steps if you see energy is utilized so
here ATP is taken in so ATP is utilized
in here ATP is utilized but whereas in
some of those steps ATP is released so
energy is released so somewhere energy
is utilized well some cases energy is
released so available energy is getting
utilized that means bonds are getting
formed and wherever energy is being
released
that means bones are getting broken now
since both type of reactions take place
in the respiratory pathway that is why
respiratory pathway is called an
antibonding pathway so it is not only
about glycolysis even if you take the
example of the Krebs cycle there also
you will see that certain points energy
is released which means that it is a
plateau mourning reaction whereas some
other places the energy is utilized
making it an anabolic reaction so
respiratory pathway is indeed an
anthropology because it involves both
catabolic as well as anabolic reactions
so with this we have reached towards the
end of this lesson and echo and
explanation on the respiratory processes
would an aerobic and anaerobic have
helped you please try to understand the
concepts clearly so that you do not have
to memorize the processes so see you all
in the next lesson thank you please
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