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Abscisic Acid - Plant growth and development, Biology, Class 11 Video Lecture

FAQs on Abscisic Acid - Plant growth and development, Biology, Class 11 Video Lecture

1. What is the role of abscisic acid in plant growth and development?

Ans. Abscisic acid plays a crucial role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. It inhibits seed germination, promotes seed dormancy, and regulates stomatal closure during water stress. It also regulates root growth, leaf senescence, and bud dormancy. Additionally, abscisic acid is involved in the response to environmental cues such as drought, salinity, and cold stress.

2. How does abscisic acid inhibit seed germination?

Ans. Abscisic acid inhibits seed germination by acting on the embryo and the endosperm. It promotes the synthesis of storage proteins in the endosperm, which restricts the availability of nutrients for germination. It also inhibits the production of gibberellins, which are hormones that promote seed germination. Furthermore, abscisic acid inhibits the growth of the embryo by blocking cell division and elongation.

3. What is the effect of abscisic acid on stomatal closure?

Ans. Abscisic acid induces stomatal closure, which helps plants conserve water during periods of water stress. It stimulates the efflux of potassium ions from guard cells, leading to a decrease in their turgor pressure. This causes the stomata to close, preventing the loss of water through transpiration. Abscisic acid also promotes the synthesis of osmoprotectants, such as proline and sugars, which help maintain cellular water potential and prevent dehydration.

4. How does abscisic acid regulate leaf senescence?

Ans. Abscisic acid plays a key role in regulating leaf senescence, which is the process of aging and deterioration in leaves. It promotes the breakdown of chlorophyll and other pigments, leading to the yellowing of leaves. Abscisic acid also induces the expression of genes involved in the degradation of cellular components, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Additionally, it influences the production of ethylene, a hormone that accelerates leaf senescence.

5. How does abscisic acid respond to environmental cues?

Ans. Abscisic acid is involved in the plant's response to various environmental cues, including drought, salinity, and cold stress. During water stress, abscisic acid levels increase, leading to stomatal closure and reduced water loss through transpiration. It also promotes the synthesis of proteins that protect against dehydration and oxidative damage. Similarly, abscisic acid helps plants tolerate high salt concentrations by regulating ion transport and osmotic adjustment. In response to cold stress, abscisic acid promotes the synthesis of antifreeze proteins and protects plant tissues from freezing damage.

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