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Counter Current Mechanism Video Lecture | Biology for JAMB

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1. What is the counter current mechanism?
Ans. The counter current mechanism refers to the process by which substances, such as ions or solutes, are exchanged between two parallel structures in opposite directions. This mechanism is commonly observed in the kidneys, where it helps in the reabsorption of water and electrolytes.
2. How does the counter current mechanism work in the kidneys?
Ans. In the kidneys, the counter current mechanism plays a crucial role in concentrating urine. It involves the flow of filtrate in the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop (also known as the loop of Henle) in opposite directions. This arrangement allows for the exchange of water and solutes between the two limbs, resulting in the concentration of urine and conservation of water.
3. What is the significance of the counter current mechanism in the kidneys?
Ans. The counter current mechanism in the kidneys is essential for maintaining water balance and regulating urine concentration. By allowing for the reabsorption of water and solutes, it helps in conserving water and preventing dehydration. This mechanism also aids in the excretion of waste products and maintaining the body's electrolyte balance.
4. How does the counter current mechanism aid in urine concentration?
Ans. The counter current mechanism aids in urine concentration by creating a concentration gradient within the nephron loop. As the filtrate flows downward in the descending limb, it encounters an increasing concentration of solutes in the surrounding interstitial fluid. This osmotic gradient facilitates the passive diffusion of water out of the filtrate, resulting in its concentration. In the ascending limb, active transport mechanisms reabsorb solutes, further contributing to urine concentration.
5. Can the counter current mechanism be disrupted? If so, what are the consequences?
Ans. Yes, the counter current mechanism can be disrupted due to certain conditions or disorders. For example, if there is a blockage or damage to the nephron loop, the exchange of water and solutes may be impaired, leading to decreased urine concentration and potential water loss. Disruption of the counter current mechanism can also affect the overall functioning of the kidneys and disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
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