CBSE Class 12 > Class 12 Videos > L12 : Bravias Lattice - Solid States , Chemistry, Class 12
L12 Bravias Lattice - Solid States , Chemistry, Class 12 Video Lecture
FAQs on L12 : Bravias Lattice - Solid States , Chemistry, Class 12
| 1. What is the concept of solid states in chemistry? |  |
Ans. Solid states in chemistry refer to the physical state of matter where particles are closely packed together in a regular arrangement. It is characterized by strong intermolecular forces, fixed shape, and volume. Examples of solid states include crystals, amorphous solids, and polymers.
| 2. How does the Bravais lattice relate to solid states in chemistry? | |
Ans. The Bravais lattice is a mathematical concept used to describe the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystal lattice. It provides a framework for understanding the structure and properties of solid states in chemistry. The Bravais lattice consists of a periodic array of points in three-dimensional space, which represents the repeating unit of the crystal lattice.
| 3. What are some examples of solid states in chemistry? | |
Ans. Some examples of solid states in chemistry include metals such as iron and copper, minerals like quartz and diamond, salts like sodium chloride, and polymers such as polyethylene and polystyrene. Each of these substances has a unique arrangement of particles in their solid state, which determines their physical and chemical properties.
| 4. How do solid states in chemistry differ from other states of matter? | |
Ans. Solid states in chemistry differ from other states of matter, such as liquids and gases, in several ways. Unlike liquids and gases, solids have a fixed shape and volume. They also have strong intermolecular forces that hold the particles in a rigid structure, whereas liquids and gases have weaker forces. Additionally, solid states have a regular arrangement of particles, while liquids and gases have more random arrangements.
| 5. What is the significance of solid states in chemistry? | |
Ans. Solid states in chemistry play a crucial role in understanding the properties and behavior of various substances. They are involved in many industrial processes, such as material synthesis, catalysis, and drug formulation. Solid-state chemistry also contributes to advancements in fields like electronics, energy storage, and nanotechnology. By studying solid states, scientists can develop new materials with improved properties and design innovative technologies.
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video on solid states
part 12 is brought to you by exam Viacom
no more fear from exam let's talk about
the bravais lattice system so BRABUS was
a french mathematician auguste bravais
in 1850 he observed that there 14
possible 3d lattices and how it was
formed see we have seven of this unit
self shape right there are seven
different shape of unit cells now as we
doing that there are four different
types it's body centered or it's only in
the corner or it at the face later so
combine both combining both they have 14
possible 3d lattices and this was
observed by Auguste the previous in 1850
so it was derived by coupling the 7/7
lattice system as you see right with the
four different types of unit cells that
is primitive body face and base so
combining this you observe that using
all his experiments he found that in
1850 that there are 14 different
possible combination of 3d lattices for
a given crystal and they will say if you
see they are 7 here if you see here
cubic tetragonal orthorhombic hexagonal
monoclinic clinically contrived by the
seven months now for the cubic he he
found that there are three possible
combinations one was the normal one the
cornered one right the primitive is
called P and then four he also found
that four cubic the body centered was
awesome possible that is eye and face
sent it was also possible for the Q for
tetragonal he found that again the
primitive was possible and only
body-centered was possible the face
centered well they are not possible for
tetragonal because if you see in cube
right all the dimensions are same but
this the C is not equal if C is very
small then you will not be able to put
this atoms in the face so face it was
not possible correct for author ami he
saw he observed that all this four were
possible primitive was possible then
body said it was possible face sent was
possible and in fact the base centered
you can see ABC any of the C but was
also possible for hexagonal he found
that only primitive was possible based
on his experiments and mathematically
proved act because if this is my R then
mathematical it is not possible to fit
mathematically also it can prove and
this guy was French mathematician please
note this guy was the mathematician will
also do some mathematics around this
mathematics knowledge will find the
efficiency of this packing so for
monoclinic he found that there are two
possible options one was the normal
chromatic and he saw that for this the
base centre was also possible for
monitoring for triclinic only primitive
was possible and for triangular also
only primitive was possible so these
things is something which she calculated
or if he observed based on his
experiments he so all lot of lots of
crystals you observe then when he found
that because the only possible
combination so and that's why they are
called reverse lattices after his name
August the priorities right so we will
see a video on all these lattices just
to understand how is the look because if
we get a clearer picture of how they
look we can easily solve the numerical
correct so let's see this simple cube if
you see here all the sides are equal and
all the angles are 90 you see they are a
atoms on 8 on the different corners
right and all the sides is
B is going to see if they are equal and
the angles also are equal on the left
hand side you can see this you Boyd
which has the meaning of a B and C all
the sides are a B and C and the angles
are alpha beta and we have discussed
that the Alpha angle is nothing but the
angle between B and C so knitting the
beta angle is nothing but the angle
between a and C and gamma is nothing but
the angle in a and B correct so in this
case of simple cube this is how it looks
all the sides are equal all the angles
are equal and the ski of single simple
cubes all the atoms are on the corners
correct this is how it looks if you see
the next example is the body centered
cubic in the case of bodies in this cube
again the sides are equal all the angles
are equal and leary but the atoms are
not only in the corners but there is one
atom if you see in the body of it you
see in the body there is one atom
correct this is how it looks everything
is same but in the body there is one
atom this is how it it looks
and the next is the face centered cube
here ever since it is cubic step all the
sides are equal all the angles are 90
degree right but please note here
carefully at all the sides at all the
sides all the faces actually if you see
there will be one sphere since this
sphere is shared by two cells so I have
split into half just for the represented
replenishing purpose if you see this is
how it looks like if you see this is how
it looks but this you can have a pretty
good idea on our face centered cubic
Slyke this is how it looks correct this
is the exactly look up facing it will be
fine the next is the simple tetragonal
in this case if you see all this sides
are not equal two sides are equal and
the third side is not equal but all the
angles are equal 90 degrees is how it
looks right in technical in the Tetra we
will packing we have only two options
one is a simple one and there is the
body centered we will discuss both this
is the simple packing where my all the
atoms are on the edges correct this is
how it looks all that and so on the
edges this is my tetra gonal and the
next integral is a body centered right
around here also the C since it is state
tribunal two sides are equal and third
side is not equal and all the angles are
90 degree now if you see this is how it
looks the there is a body centered so
there is an atom on the center of the
body correct you can see this atom on
the center of the body
they only two type of packing for this
travel
the next is orthorhombic in orthorhombic
if you see all the sides are an equal a
is good not equal to B is not equal to C
and but all the angles are equal they
are 90 degree in case of orthogonal we
have all four different kinds of packing
you will see this the first one is the
simple one which is on the picture if
you see in this case all the atoms are
only on the corners if you see now all
the atoms are only on the corners right
in the corner lattice we have the atoms
the next step of packing for the
orthogonal orthorhombic is face centered
here also if you see orthorhombic sides
are not equal but all the angles are
equal
and if you see this is face centered
where we have atoms also on the face
right with this you can make out how it
looks so atoms on the face correct
the next one is the body centred
orthorhombic in case of a throbbing we
have atoms on the center of the body you
see here in centre of the body we have
one atom correct the next is the base
centered base center where atoms are
there in the corners plus it is there on
the one of the two sides opposite sides
for example in this case it is on these
two sides it can be under any other two
pair also right here also if you see all
the sides are an equal and all the
angles are 90 degree this is how a base
Center looks like correct the next is
hexagonal so in hexagonal if you see we
have a is equal to B but not equal to C
two sides are equal and two angles are
equal if you see alpha is equal to gamma
is equal to 90 degree and beta is equal
to 1 these two angles are 90 what angle
is 120 degree correct and we have two
sides equal one size and equal this is
how it looks hexagonal this is a exact
way of hexagonal so in external we have
only simple backing the next is
monoclinic in monoclinic we have two one
is simple you know undercling if you see
all the sides are unequal but two angles
are equal like 3d and the third angle
has to be not equal to 120 there is a
mistake here this meter has to be not
equal to 100 agree actually yeah one
would agree I'll find gamma is equal 90
and beta is not equal to 120 degree this
is how it is yeah see in this case we
have we also have the face centered
monoclinic so if you see here the
parameters are still same but if you see
in the face we have two atoms you can
see the face of torture they are two
atoms this is my face in ten the next is
the simple triclinic in simple triangle
to give you C sides are not equal angles
also not equally you see a is not equal
to B is not equal to C and alpha is not
equal to beta is not equal to gamma and
they are not even equal to 90 degree
this is how it looks very hyper set they
have only simple structure where that
terms are there only on the corners and
the last one is simple diagonal so in
this case if you see all the sides are
equal but all the angles are not equal
and they are less than 120 degree
correct they are less than one degree
and all this angles are equal but
they're not equal 90 degree so it is
this is almost equal to a Q pump at the
top right cube right you push Q from one
side it gets deformed so here also all
the sides are equal all are equal to is
going to B is equal to C and all the
angles also equal alpha is going to be
it is gamma but they are not equal to 90
degree correct so here also we have only
one possible option that is the simple
one this is how it looks now having seen
the videos you must have understood
clear idea on how this looks like and if
you see the cubic one the cubic one may
be is going to be equal to since you
have discussed and they have both
primitive bodies in it will face in turn
at the examples of the cubic crystal
system is sodium chloride zing blade in
copper for tetragonal cubic crystal
system the examples are white in sno2
tio2 ch4 prothrombin crystal system the
examples are pramukh sulphur ki anything
is barium sulfate for hexagonal crystal
system the example is graphite zinc
oxide and CD s4 rhombohedral the example
is calcite or cinnabar these are some
examples of the latter system because
will be discussed all this lattice
system bravais lattice then you also
know which all crystals show this
property so we see that sodium chloride
shows the is part of cubic lattice
system zinc blende is also part of cubic
lattice system
thank you visit exam viacom to watch
more videos
@m free online test get free study
materials find tutors and mentors and
much more trying songs again
part 12 is brought to you by exam Viacom
no more fear from exam let's talk about
the bravais lattice system so BRABUS was
a french mathematician auguste bravais
in 1850 he observed that there 14
possible 3d lattices and how it was
formed see we have seven of this unit
self shape right there are seven
different shape of unit cells now as we
doing that there are four different
types it's body centered or it's only in
the corner or it at the face later so
combine both combining both they have 14
possible 3d lattices and this was
observed by Auguste the previous in 1850
so it was derived by coupling the 7/7
lattice system as you see right with the
four different types of unit cells that
is primitive body face and base so
combining this you observe that using
all his experiments he found that in
1850 that there are 14 different
possible combination of 3d lattices for
a given crystal and they will say if you
see they are 7 here if you see here
cubic tetragonal orthorhombic hexagonal
monoclinic clinically contrived by the
seven months now for the cubic he he
found that there are three possible
combinations one was the normal one the
cornered one right the primitive is
called P and then four he also found
that four cubic the body centered was
awesome possible that is eye and face
sent it was also possible for the Q for
tetragonal he found that again the
primitive was possible and only
body-centered was possible the face
centered well they are not possible for
tetragonal because if you see in cube
right all the dimensions are same but
this the C is not equal if C is very
small then you will not be able to put
this atoms in the face so face it was
not possible correct for author ami he
saw he observed that all this four were
possible primitive was possible then
body said it was possible face sent was
possible and in fact the base centered
you can see ABC any of the C but was
also possible for hexagonal he found
that only primitive was possible based
on his experiments and mathematically
proved act because if this is my R then
mathematical it is not possible to fit
mathematically also it can prove and
this guy was French mathematician please
note this guy was the mathematician will
also do some mathematics around this
mathematics knowledge will find the
efficiency of this packing so for
monoclinic he found that there are two
possible options one was the normal
chromatic and he saw that for this the
base centre was also possible for
monitoring for triclinic only primitive
was possible and for triangular also
only primitive was possible so these
things is something which she calculated
or if he observed based on his
experiments he so all lot of lots of
crystals you observe then when he found
that because the only possible
combination so and that's why they are
called reverse lattices after his name
August the priorities right so we will
see a video on all these lattices just
to understand how is the look because if
we get a clearer picture of how they
look we can easily solve the numerical
correct so let's see this simple cube if
you see here all the sides are equal and
all the angles are 90 you see they are a
atoms on 8 on the different corners
right and all the sides is
B is going to see if they are equal and
the angles also are equal on the left
hand side you can see this you Boyd
which has the meaning of a B and C all
the sides are a B and C and the angles
are alpha beta and we have discussed
that the Alpha angle is nothing but the
angle between B and C so knitting the
beta angle is nothing but the angle
between a and C and gamma is nothing but
the angle in a and B correct so in this
case of simple cube this is how it looks
all the sides are equal all the angles
are equal and the ski of single simple
cubes all the atoms are on the corners
correct this is how it looks if you see
the next example is the body centered
cubic in the case of bodies in this cube
again the sides are equal all the angles
are equal and leary but the atoms are
not only in the corners but there is one
atom if you see in the body of it you
see in the body there is one atom
correct this is how it looks everything
is same but in the body there is one
atom this is how it it looks
and the next is the face centered cube
here ever since it is cubic step all the
sides are equal all the angles are 90
degree right but please note here
carefully at all the sides at all the
sides all the faces actually if you see
there will be one sphere since this
sphere is shared by two cells so I have
split into half just for the represented
replenishing purpose if you see this is
how it looks like if you see this is how
it looks but this you can have a pretty
good idea on our face centered cubic
Slyke this is how it looks correct this
is the exactly look up facing it will be
fine the next is the simple tetragonal
in this case if you see all this sides
are not equal two sides are equal and
the third side is not equal but all the
angles are equal 90 degrees is how it
looks right in technical in the Tetra we
will packing we have only two options
one is a simple one and there is the
body centered we will discuss both this
is the simple packing where my all the
atoms are on the edges correct this is
how it looks all that and so on the
edges this is my tetra gonal and the
next integral is a body centered right
around here also the C since it is state
tribunal two sides are equal and third
side is not equal and all the angles are
90 degree now if you see this is how it
looks the there is a body centered so
there is an atom on the center of the
body correct you can see this atom on
the center of the body
they only two type of packing for this
travel
the next is orthorhombic in orthorhombic
if you see all the sides are an equal a
is good not equal to B is not equal to C
and but all the angles are equal they
are 90 degree in case of orthogonal we
have all four different kinds of packing
you will see this the first one is the
simple one which is on the picture if
you see in this case all the atoms are
only on the corners if you see now all
the atoms are only on the corners right
in the corner lattice we have the atoms
the next step of packing for the
orthogonal orthorhombic is face centered
here also if you see orthorhombic sides
are not equal but all the angles are
equal
and if you see this is face centered
where we have atoms also on the face
right with this you can make out how it
looks so atoms on the face correct
the next one is the body centred
orthorhombic in case of a throbbing we
have atoms on the center of the body you
see here in centre of the body we have
one atom correct the next is the base
centered base center where atoms are
there in the corners plus it is there on
the one of the two sides opposite sides
for example in this case it is on these
two sides it can be under any other two
pair also right here also if you see all
the sides are an equal and all the
angles are 90 degree this is how a base
Center looks like correct the next is
hexagonal so in hexagonal if you see we
have a is equal to B but not equal to C
two sides are equal and two angles are
equal if you see alpha is equal to gamma
is equal to 90 degree and beta is equal
to 1 these two angles are 90 what angle
is 120 degree correct and we have two
sides equal one size and equal this is
how it looks hexagonal this is a exact
way of hexagonal so in external we have
only simple backing the next is
monoclinic in monoclinic we have two one
is simple you know undercling if you see
all the sides are unequal but two angles
are equal like 3d and the third angle
has to be not equal to 120 there is a
mistake here this meter has to be not
equal to 100 agree actually yeah one
would agree I'll find gamma is equal 90
and beta is not equal to 120 degree this
is how it is yeah see in this case we
have we also have the face centered
monoclinic so if you see here the
parameters are still same but if you see
in the face we have two atoms you can
see the face of torture they are two
atoms this is my face in ten the next is
the simple triclinic in simple triangle
to give you C sides are not equal angles
also not equally you see a is not equal
to B is not equal to C and alpha is not
equal to beta is not equal to gamma and
they are not even equal to 90 degree
this is how it looks very hyper set they
have only simple structure where that
terms are there only on the corners and
the last one is simple diagonal so in
this case if you see all the sides are
equal but all the angles are not equal
and they are less than 120 degree
correct they are less than one degree
and all this angles are equal but
they're not equal 90 degree so it is
this is almost equal to a Q pump at the
top right cube right you push Q from one
side it gets deformed so here also all
the sides are equal all are equal to is
going to B is equal to C and all the
angles also equal alpha is going to be
it is gamma but they are not equal to 90
degree correct so here also we have only
one possible option that is the simple
one this is how it looks now having seen
the videos you must have understood
clear idea on how this looks like and if
you see the cubic one the cubic one may
be is going to be equal to since you
have discussed and they have both
primitive bodies in it will face in turn
at the examples of the cubic crystal
system is sodium chloride zing blade in
copper for tetragonal cubic crystal
system the examples are white in sno2
tio2 ch4 prothrombin crystal system the
examples are pramukh sulphur ki anything
is barium sulfate for hexagonal crystal
system the example is graphite zinc
oxide and CD s4 rhombohedral the example
is calcite or cinnabar these are some
examples of the latter system because
will be discussed all this lattice
system bravais lattice then you also
know which all crystals show this
property so we see that sodium chloride
shows the is part of cubic lattice
system zinc blende is also part of cubic
lattice system
thank you visit exam viacom to watch
more videos
@m free online test get free study
materials find tutors and mentors and
much more trying songs again
About this Video
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Apr 19, 2026 Last updated
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