CBSE Class 12 > Class 12 Videos > Carbonyl Group Structure (Part - 6) - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chemistry, Class 12
Carbonyl Group Structure (Part - 6) - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video an aldehyde
ketones and carboxylic acid part six is
brought to you by exam viacom no more
free from exam let's understand the
structure of carbonyl group because the
whole chapter is about carbonyl group
its properties chemical properties it's
good to understand the structure of the
common L group this is the typical
structure of the carbonyl group I have
this is my carbon here and I have two
alkyl or aryl group at a store hydrogen
also and this is oxygen here oxygen is
more electronegative than carbon so
oxygen will try to attract electrons
towards itself so electron will slightly
move towards oxygen this oxygen will
develop slightly negative charge and
carbon will develop slightly positive
charge and the angle between them is 120
degree that is a structure let's start
shall in little detail this is my carbon
this is my carbon the carbon electronic
conviction we know is 1s2 2s2 2p2 carbon
is 1s2 2s2 2p2 since this is not taking
part in the reaction you'll ignore this
will consider this 2s2 2p2 this is how
it looks you discuss this the earlier
chapters and if you don't understand
this watch my previous video that we
discuss the electronic configurations of
a particular at so now what happens is
do the hybridization this one electron
moves everything is half-filled is more
stable so it goes for sp2 hybridized so
now if you see the same carbon went for
sp2 hybridization this is the structure
you see here right there four electrons
in the creme this is my SP 2 SP 2 and 2
P this is my 2p and the other ones are
my SP 2 right this is my 2p
the one horizontal and this is my SP 2
this is how the carbon atom looks like
there - Alki group that are attached to
it if you see the my carbonyl carbon and
there are two alkyl group attached
it Alki Lauren whatever it is that is
attached to no house in here so let's
see the oxygen also is my oxygen right
for oxygen the electronic configuration
is 1s2 2s2 2p4 that's how it looks right
is oxygen since 1 s2 is not taking part
in the reaction these guys take part the
2s and 2p I just showed you 2 L into B
this is my oxygen now if you see this is
how it becomes this is also sp2
hybridize these two and I have my two P
orbitals to MT 2p orbitals if this is
mistaken this is also SP 2 yeah this is
also SP 2 so 3 SP 2 and 1 to P this is
my 2p the horizontal one so here also I
have one 2p here also I have one to be
correct this is 2p now what happens is
sorry this forms bonds so if you see
this verb I to be right so now if you
see there is this is one Sigma bond and
this is one PI bond this is also overlap
this will overlap and thus if there is a
double bond 1 Sigma 1 Pike this MS Sigma
mine and this is my PI bond and that is
how if you see it looks like this is my
carbon and there one PI bond right one
PI bond if you see is like a sandwich
it's one Sigma bond and this is my
oxygen actually if you see this is my
carbon and this is my oxygen right this
is a this is a sigma bond and this is PI
1 so this is the typical structure of a
carbonyl group and this angle is 120
degree this angle right is one minute
agree this angle is 120
so you see this was sp2 hybridized this
was happy - this is my collar hope you
understood the structure of the carbonyl
and these are my lone pairs if you see
oxygen the lone pairs this is my load
where to not be on the olives there
she's all in a plane actually saw in the
plane so see this is kind of structure
it is all in the plane it's my carbonyl
room this is oxygen here and it went to
R and they are in a plane they all in a
plane if you see they all in a plane
want to draw this is all in a plane
correct in this double bond is all in a
plane they have two lone pairs of
electrons and these you can have any are
here and this angle is 120 this is the
structure of Conrado it's all in single
plane let's draw some structure existing
some numerical to draw the structure of
three methyl butanol I'm drawing this in
blue 3 methyl butanol so let's first
draw butanol with it - viewed it is
butanol that means at one position I
have aldehyde right so let me number
this not starting from aldehyde 1 2 3 4
a 3 a methyl random Italia this will be
the structure if you want you can add
hydrogen's yeah three bonds only one
hydrogen two bonds to hydrogen you see
the structure just try the next one
and I might throw throw Piaf in on so
let me have first
fin on
this is my Benz aisle at para have a
nine this is a croupier fin on Smith it
probe this is appropriate on and para
have a nitro this is my para position
let me a night over here this is my
structure I can add hydrogen hydrogen's
this is my this is my night
this is si para nitro getting known now
flow Q of in on this is my protein on
and then in para position it may add an
item the next is worth para methyl been
chilled e hides let me draw a
benzaldehyde first this is my
benzaldehyde and para position I have
methyl this is the para position add a
ch3 this is my parameter
benzaldehyde similarly for methyl paint
three in two own so spend right let's be
falsified cover one two three four five
friend is done let me number it one two
three four five anyway get number now at
three I have entered three let me put a
in this is done at - I have a whole and
- let me put a whole this is done at
four I have methyl so at four let me put
down you can add remaining copper so
giving hydrogen this is the structure
correct let's try one more for chloro
pen ten - own means pentanes let me draw
five first one two three four five is
the pent if you put the number all
single bond okay at - I have own let me
put at - this is done at four I have a
chloro put up chloro at this this is my
structure other things you can just put
extra hydrogen
you know cs3 all right
the next is three bromo fourth in aisle
pens and IKEA sets let me draw fast
pentane one two three four five
paintings on all single bond Clinton is
a pension Ike acid that means this is my
COOH we will discuss about this redraw
carboxylic acid this is benzoic acid
this is done three broom let me number
it one two three four five numbering
starts from this position so at three
have a bromo group and for a half in a
row this is the structure the extra
hydrogen you can add similarly PP dash
dye hydroxy benzophenone dihydroxy
beginning nor first now Jesus focus on
this benzophenone so let's drop
benzophenone versa benzophenone we know
is nothing but this now at P and P dash
this is my P position this is where P
dash position right
I have hydroxy two hydroxy group so let
me add two hydroxyl this is my thing
because my p and this might be - mention
the nexus hex tween for ionic acid so
let us draw hex first 1 2 3 4 5 6 is hex
this is done with number 8 1 2 3 4 5 6
at - I have into - let me draw e + 4
I have to draw ionic acid and one I had
to draw obviously acid and for I have to
draw ionic acid 1 2 4 i nicely so 4 is
mine yeah doing 4i and i Cassidy this is
the structure hex to infer 9 and then
acid side one I could drop co h we have
a draw structure of alpha methoxy prop
in early high so this is my
propionaldehyde
let me talk propane first and alpha
aldehydes let me draw aldehyde this is
done propionaldehyde into all single
bond alpha is my alpha carbon alpha
methoxy alpha have OCS 3 this is my
structure you can put remaining hydrogen
there is one hydrogen here the next is 3
hydroxy butanol astrub you'd first 1 2 3
4 is beaut will be number in 1 2 3 4
right at 3 have a hydroxy group put a
which is the butanol that means at 1 I
am see what this is in structure other
hydrogen you can just a hand
the next is two hydroxy cyclopentane
carbon d hi so let me first draw a cyclo
pentene I will be number it 1 2 3 4 5
add to our hydroxy okay done two
hydroxyl and cyclopentane ism
carbaldehyde square one dehydrated at
one I should have carbon D hi this is my
structure here again I'll ask you guys
to pause this video for some time and
try to draw the structure on your own
and then you can just validate if you
have done correctly so for ox open
channel let me first draw a mental
maintenance is 5 1 2 3 4 5
and Penta none this is aldehyde and
again number from here one two three
four five correct at four I have ox o
and forever hydrogen again I die
sec-butyl ketone that means this is a
common is my ketone and two side have
SEC to tile SEC but Allah is something
like this this is my structure so my
ketone died sequitur now have four
fluoro acetophenone so my acetophenone
is this and for florrum this is one two
three four this is my flow for fluoro
acetophenone will look like this
thank you visit our website exam viacom
to watch more and more quality education
videos you can also attempt free online
tests that are there in our website you
can also get access to tons of free
study materials and you can also find
free tutors and mentors in this website
thanks a lot for watching
ketones and carboxylic acid part six is
brought to you by exam viacom no more
free from exam let's understand the
structure of carbonyl group because the
whole chapter is about carbonyl group
its properties chemical properties it's
good to understand the structure of the
common L group this is the typical
structure of the carbonyl group I have
this is my carbon here and I have two
alkyl or aryl group at a store hydrogen
also and this is oxygen here oxygen is
more electronegative than carbon so
oxygen will try to attract electrons
towards itself so electron will slightly
move towards oxygen this oxygen will
develop slightly negative charge and
carbon will develop slightly positive
charge and the angle between them is 120
degree that is a structure let's start
shall in little detail this is my carbon
this is my carbon the carbon electronic
conviction we know is 1s2 2s2 2p2 carbon
is 1s2 2s2 2p2 since this is not taking
part in the reaction you'll ignore this
will consider this 2s2 2p2 this is how
it looks you discuss this the earlier
chapters and if you don't understand
this watch my previous video that we
discuss the electronic configurations of
a particular at so now what happens is
do the hybridization this one electron
moves everything is half-filled is more
stable so it goes for sp2 hybridized so
now if you see the same carbon went for
sp2 hybridization this is the structure
you see here right there four electrons
in the creme this is my SP 2 SP 2 and 2
P this is my 2p and the other ones are
my SP 2 right this is my 2p
the one horizontal and this is my SP 2
this is how the carbon atom looks like
there - Alki group that are attached to
it if you see the my carbonyl carbon and
there are two alkyl group attached
it Alki Lauren whatever it is that is
attached to no house in here so let's
see the oxygen also is my oxygen right
for oxygen the electronic configuration
is 1s2 2s2 2p4 that's how it looks right
is oxygen since 1 s2 is not taking part
in the reaction these guys take part the
2s and 2p I just showed you 2 L into B
this is my oxygen now if you see this is
how it becomes this is also sp2
hybridize these two and I have my two P
orbitals to MT 2p orbitals if this is
mistaken this is also SP 2 yeah this is
also SP 2 so 3 SP 2 and 1 to P this is
my 2p the horizontal one so here also I
have one 2p here also I have one to be
correct this is 2p now what happens is
sorry this forms bonds so if you see
this verb I to be right so now if you
see there is this is one Sigma bond and
this is one PI bond this is also overlap
this will overlap and thus if there is a
double bond 1 Sigma 1 Pike this MS Sigma
mine and this is my PI bond and that is
how if you see it looks like this is my
carbon and there one PI bond right one
PI bond if you see is like a sandwich
it's one Sigma bond and this is my
oxygen actually if you see this is my
carbon and this is my oxygen right this
is a this is a sigma bond and this is PI
1 so this is the typical structure of a
carbonyl group and this angle is 120
degree this angle right is one minute
agree this angle is 120
so you see this was sp2 hybridized this
was happy - this is my collar hope you
understood the structure of the carbonyl
and these are my lone pairs if you see
oxygen the lone pairs this is my load
where to not be on the olives there
she's all in a plane actually saw in the
plane so see this is kind of structure
it is all in the plane it's my carbonyl
room this is oxygen here and it went to
R and they are in a plane they all in a
plane if you see they all in a plane
want to draw this is all in a plane
correct in this double bond is all in a
plane they have two lone pairs of
electrons and these you can have any are
here and this angle is 120 this is the
structure of Conrado it's all in single
plane let's draw some structure existing
some numerical to draw the structure of
three methyl butanol I'm drawing this in
blue 3 methyl butanol so let's first
draw butanol with it - viewed it is
butanol that means at one position I
have aldehyde right so let me number
this not starting from aldehyde 1 2 3 4
a 3 a methyl random Italia this will be
the structure if you want you can add
hydrogen's yeah three bonds only one
hydrogen two bonds to hydrogen you see
the structure just try the next one
and I might throw throw Piaf in on so
let me have first
fin on
this is my Benz aisle at para have a
nine this is a croupier fin on Smith it
probe this is appropriate on and para
have a nitro this is my para position
let me a night over here this is my
structure I can add hydrogen hydrogen's
this is my this is my night
this is si para nitro getting known now
flow Q of in on this is my protein on
and then in para position it may add an
item the next is worth para methyl been
chilled e hides let me draw a
benzaldehyde first this is my
benzaldehyde and para position I have
methyl this is the para position add a
ch3 this is my parameter
benzaldehyde similarly for methyl paint
three in two own so spend right let's be
falsified cover one two three four five
friend is done let me number it one two
three four five anyway get number now at
three I have entered three let me put a
in this is done at - I have a whole and
- let me put a whole this is done at
four I have methyl so at four let me put
down you can add remaining copper so
giving hydrogen this is the structure
correct let's try one more for chloro
pen ten - own means pentanes let me draw
five first one two three four five is
the pent if you put the number all
single bond okay at - I have own let me
put at - this is done at four I have a
chloro put up chloro at this this is my
structure other things you can just put
extra hydrogen
you know cs3 all right
the next is three bromo fourth in aisle
pens and IKEA sets let me draw fast
pentane one two three four five
paintings on all single bond Clinton is
a pension Ike acid that means this is my
COOH we will discuss about this redraw
carboxylic acid this is benzoic acid
this is done three broom let me number
it one two three four five numbering
starts from this position so at three
have a bromo group and for a half in a
row this is the structure the extra
hydrogen you can add similarly PP dash
dye hydroxy benzophenone dihydroxy
beginning nor first now Jesus focus on
this benzophenone so let's drop
benzophenone versa benzophenone we know
is nothing but this now at P and P dash
this is my P position this is where P
dash position right
I have hydroxy two hydroxy group so let
me add two hydroxyl this is my thing
because my p and this might be - mention
the nexus hex tween for ionic acid so
let us draw hex first 1 2 3 4 5 6 is hex
this is done with number 8 1 2 3 4 5 6
at - I have into - let me draw e + 4
I have to draw ionic acid and one I had
to draw obviously acid and for I have to
draw ionic acid 1 2 4 i nicely so 4 is
mine yeah doing 4i and i Cassidy this is
the structure hex to infer 9 and then
acid side one I could drop co h we have
a draw structure of alpha methoxy prop
in early high so this is my
propionaldehyde
let me talk propane first and alpha
aldehydes let me draw aldehyde this is
done propionaldehyde into all single
bond alpha is my alpha carbon alpha
methoxy alpha have OCS 3 this is my
structure you can put remaining hydrogen
there is one hydrogen here the next is 3
hydroxy butanol astrub you'd first 1 2 3
4 is beaut will be number in 1 2 3 4
right at 3 have a hydroxy group put a
which is the butanol that means at 1 I
am see what this is in structure other
hydrogen you can just a hand
the next is two hydroxy cyclopentane
carbon d hi so let me first draw a cyclo
pentene I will be number it 1 2 3 4 5
add to our hydroxy okay done two
hydroxyl and cyclopentane ism
carbaldehyde square one dehydrated at
one I should have carbon D hi this is my
structure here again I'll ask you guys
to pause this video for some time and
try to draw the structure on your own
and then you can just validate if you
have done correctly so for ox open
channel let me first draw a mental
maintenance is 5 1 2 3 4 5
and Penta none this is aldehyde and
again number from here one two three
four five correct at four I have ox o
and forever hydrogen again I die
sec-butyl ketone that means this is a
common is my ketone and two side have
SEC to tile SEC but Allah is something
like this this is my structure so my
ketone died sequitur now have four
fluoro acetophenone so my acetophenone
is this and for florrum this is one two
three four this is my flow for fluoro
acetophenone will look like this
thank you visit our website exam viacom
to watch more and more quality education
videos you can also attempt free online
tests that are there in our website you
can also get access to tons of free
study materials and you can also find
free tutors and mentors in this website
thanks a lot for watching
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Apr 21, 2026 Last updated
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