CBSE Class 12 > Class 12 Videos > Aldehyde exclusive preparation-1 - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chemistry, Class 12
Aldehyde exclusive preparation-1 - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids,
FAQs on Aldehyde exclusive preparation-1 - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chemistry, Class 12
| 1. What are some common methods for the exclusive preparation of aldehydes? |  |
Ans. Some common methods for the exclusive preparation of aldehydes include the oxidation of primary alcohols, the ozonolysis of alkenes, and the hydrolysis of geminal dihalides.
| 2. How can primary alcohols be oxidized to form aldehydes exclusively? | |
Ans. Primary alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes exclusively by using mild oxidizing agents such as PCC (pyridinium chlorochromate) or PDC (pyridinium dichromate). These reagents selectively oxidize the alcohol group to an aldehyde, without further oxidation to a carboxylic acid.
| 3. What is the process of ozonolysis and how does it lead to the exclusive formation of aldehydes? | |
Ans. Ozonolysis is a chemical reaction in which ozone (O3) is used to oxidize alkenes. During ozonolysis, the double bond of the alkene is cleaved, resulting in the formation of ozonides. These ozonides can then be reduced with mild reducing agents such as zinc or dimethyl sulfide to exclusively form aldehydes.
| 4. Can geminal dihalides be hydrolyzed to yield aldehydes exclusively? | |
Ans. Yes, geminal dihalides can be hydrolyzed to yield aldehydes exclusively. The hydrolysis reaction involves the addition of water to the geminal dihalide, resulting in the formation of an aldehyde and two molecules of hydrochloric acid.
| 5. Are there any other notable methods for the exclusive preparation of aldehydes? | |
Ans. Yes, there are other notable methods for the exclusive preparation of aldehydes. These include the oxidation of primary amines, the reduction of acyl chlorides, and the reduction of nitriles. However, these methods may require more specialized reagents and conditions compared to the previously mentioned methods.
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video on aldehyde
ketones and carboxylic acid part line is
brought to you by exam va.com no more
fear from exam let's talk about some of
the methods which are exclusively for
LED hi there only for aldehyde
preparation one is the method to prepare
aldehyde from a size right please know
this is only for aldehyde are Co H with
the structure one is from the asylum
writes others are nitriles and Easter's
and other is from hydrocarbons from
hydrocarbons will talk about oxidation
of methyl benzene by sidechain
chlorination followed by hydrolysis and
by Gutterman caused reaction so we
talked about all these first let's talk
about the assign chloride this is only
for Elliot please know it's only for the
ligands so in this we did use acid
chlorides whatever this we have right we
reuse it with hydrogen in the boiling
xylene solvent in the presence of
palladium catalyst and we also use baso
for this is to poison we will discuss
why we use this so this is similar to
hydrogenation actually so if you see we
have discussed that we have this pallid
a metal and then we have hydrogen here
right this bond breaks and you have a
leaky can actually make it alkane using
the similar process right so same thing
applies here you have some assigned
fluoride that is in the form of our cocl
here we use hydrogen in the presence of
paradigm catalyst and we use BSO for to
poison it I will explain you why right
and we use boiling xylene solvent
correct so the mechanism is pretty is
same you have this palladium catalyst
it's a metal so the metal surface this
hydrogen bonds nice Libre
and hide we can get h- also so what
happens is in this paradigm catalyst
hydrogen actually breaks into two of
hydrogen feed any guys this one in this
correct now what happens is example I
have this are cocl this chlorine will
easily be replaced by this hydrogen
right why one chlorine is a good living
room
why CL - is good living room in the
second C this is lone pair repulsion so
this is the chlorine has lone pair here
oxygen has lone pair this fellow and be
repulsion because of lone pair repulsion
in oxy in the chlorine it is not that
stable right so chlorine will leave and
hydrogen will take its place
so you get this and this is idly hi it's
only for aldehyde correct so that is the
mechanism pretty easy mechanism and now
reason why we had BSO for is we want to
poison it you want to poison the surface
because if you don't poison the surface
is paradigm attracts electron which
compound right so if you don't poison
this if you don't use BSO for what will
happen is I'll show this you have RC or
CL right you do a reduction it becomes
RC o H you do further reduction it
becomes R ch2oh
and then it becomes R ch3 so if you
don't use paradigm if you don't poison
it what will happen is this is a very
strong reducing agent at least perineum
surface it will reduce my our COC is si
chloride to actually alkane we do not
want that I don't want to stop it here
so with that once you poison it the
capability of this Palladium
metal in terms of hydrogen to reduce the
particular compound is less right so it
can only do this much reduction after
that it will not be capable of doing it
correct so that is the reason why we
pause it if you know one poisonin the
reduction will happen further and it
will become alkane you want to stop here
you want to stop here to stop here we
need to poison student the moment I am
saying poisoning that means I am making
it weaker a weaker you can say make it a
weaker reducing agent correct so that is
the purpose of mediums of it because
this is a porous it is kind of porous
metal right and if you put barium
sulfide this burial cell Bertrille sit
in this hose and will make this whole
metal less reactive right and this
reaction is called Rosen one reaction
Rosen one reaction or Rosenman reduction
rose once reaction or reduction also you
can see correct example if you want I
can take ch3 cucl you add hydrogen in
the presence of thallium catalyst BSO
for right to poison it and again boiling
xylene so what you get is ch3 Co H and
you get s see what happens here is this
h2 breaks into H dot and s dot so one
Ashdod replaces this in what you see in
a lot you get that reacts with st Otto
forms ICF correct another reaction if
you want for aromatic you have this
compound in this also you add hydrogen
in the same situation ve s o4 and inside
e what you get is CL is replaced with H
and you get HCl and this component
benzaldehyde we already know this
correct so can easily prepare aldehyde
from acyl chloride using Rosenman
reaction so one memory did to remember
this reaction is C Rosenman rose in mind
that means your mind is full of rose
your - poisoned that you think only
about rose rose rose in yet your mind is
poison and the more you think not poison
there very few reaction Mary use this
poison technique right so me and think
of this reaction then that be a so for
used for poisoning and then you can
think of this reaction where you assign
chloride and then use hydrogen tunneling
catalyst in this poison to make sure
that this is not very strong reducing
agent right we can think of this just
emeriti to remember this for Rosenman
reaction the next is we have to prepare
aldehyde from nitriles various waste -
that one is
Rosenman reaction sorry steven reaction
where you use sncl2 followed by
hydrolysis this one but the next is use
dye isobutyl aluminum hydride it is l h
li you have isobutane here this one yeah
and then water two ways let us discuss
the first one the Stephan reaction so
here I have a nitrile
I use stannous chloride stannis and see
when the name is attained is it with a
memory tip to remember this sncl2
to form to add with HCL some acid is
required to form a me and this on
hydrolysis
we'll give me aldehyde so the reason why
it works his CSN plus two thousand plus
two has tendency to go to SN plus four
right so SN plus two has some tendency
to become SN plus four
did you inert pair effect since it has
tendency to become SN plus two 2s and
last four ways it has two energy to get
oxidized itself that means it is a good
or mildly reducing agent so it is mild
reducing agent correct why because it
has some tendency to move from SN plus
two to SL plus four correct so since it
is reducing agent so reduction you can
add do either by adding hydrogen or
removing oxygen so here in case pill and
hydrogen correct so if you see the
reaction mechanism I have SN 2 class
becomes SN 4 class it gives two electron
correct so two electrons will be used by
h plus from HCl to gives H minus let's H
minus will react on H minus what will
happen suppose I have a nitrile group I
have our C triple bond n this nitrogen
has a tendency is more electronegative
than carbon so this this nitrogen will
get slightly negative charge carbon get
slightly positive charge and this H
minus which we have attack this carbon
right so what you get is our C double
bond n minus and h plus they are so many
h plus is everything in happening in h
plus solution so there's n minus will
get 1 h plus so what you get is our c
double bond and h
now since it is a mild reducing agent it
will not reduce the second double bond
please not say this is a mild reducing
agent it will not reduce the second
double bond it will not be RC sorry it
is a chair it not be our ch2 NH 2 it
will stop here correct this is the max
work done by SN 2 correct now you see
this nitrogen has gone there now I am
doing the hydrolysis correct now I do a
hydrolysis I am adding h3o plus it is H+
and water correct so the moment I do a
hydrolysis and I am doing what adding
water to it what will happen is this
again since it is having a lone pair
this we attracted here in this bond will
break what will a given is aa C H with a
positive charge in NH 2 right now since
I have an H+ and water also slipped me
and water here
water water it has a lone pair of
electrons will get attracted towards
this positive charge correct so with
this what you get is our C H in H 2o h h
an oxygen will nominate a positive
charge correct conservation of charge so
electrons move from oxygen to carbon
oxygen gets positive charge carbon gets
negative negative most utilizing
phonsavanh this is what you will get now
if you see oxygen the positive charge
oxygen electronegative element it won't
like the positive charge so it will give
it charge out how is bond will break and
even h plus an S Class will go to n is 3
right because nitrogen has a lone pair
no one pair of electrons will attract
this h plus right to this s plus the
last link he attracted by this nitrogen
so what you get is our C H in h3 the
positive charge in OHA
all right right but you know also is the
electronegative element it won't it
won't be happy with a positive charge so
what it will do it will come out it will
come out in this fashion the bond will
break and this will come on right bond
will break in this fashion this again
negative charge with positive negative
or neutral eyes and if they is very
happy out and you will get up carbo
cation in this thing correct now carbon
has a positive charge and we have
hydrogen here right now we have seen
this so many times
Attalus know like this Oh H here you
have seen this so many times what
happened in this case somebody has to
leave right or something has to come but
if you see is all edge+ here so what
will happen here is this bond will break
right this bond will break in this
fashion so what will happen is oxygen
get a negative charge carbon link+ shall
form of bonding so you get
RC h and here you form another one and h
plus comes out and it is in the system
right because we have lot of ice plus
ions in the system this is what you get
them Oh hope you'll immense reaction
will be once again so I have SN plus 2
it has slightly initiative in the
messengerís flow so it is mild reducing
agent s plus 2 becomes SN plus 4 2
electrons 2 electrons is used by h plus
you have load of s plus in the system to
gives H minus this ash man attacked this
RC n and you get this compound right and
in this n minus red I cash form system
you get this compound now since the mine
reducing agent it won't reduce this
further now on this I am doing a head of
Isis this h plus n what correct
so this s+ will attack this or this this
lone pair of electrons the time this H+
because this good electron which side
you get this the bond breaks in carbon
gets a positive charge
you also have water so water has this
oxygen has the lone pair to attract to
the tag this plus charge in carbon you
get this come from and this nitrogen has
a lone pair it it is okay to get some
positive charge this has a positive
charge here oxygen oxygen is now a
positive charge electronegative element
so this bond will bring in H+ will join
this guy the iteration so not actually
gets a positive charge nitrogen doesn't
make positive charge against electric
development it comes out the bond bricks
and he comes out and he is good it's a
GAF athlete leaves so leaves you very
easily unless he comes out and carbon
gets a positive charge somebody has to
leave so this all hydrogen says okay I'm
okay I'm Lee I'm leaving
hydrogen leaves walking gets negative
charge carbon gets opposed it has a
positive charge whatever and if you
charge palm to double bond and you get
this type this is the reaction mechanism
see the next reaction we have is as I
told you have our CN and you can just
use this die I so be tiled aluminium
hydride so blue tile yeah and then you
add water you get our c po h that is
also one possibility is also a reducing
agent pilots ignition so here also you
get the similar kind of stuffs
it's my editing agent and then from here
the reaction is almost same so here also
we used i iso retired aluminium hydride
just we have discussed dye isobutyl
aluminum hydride
this is how we call it and let me draw a
structure for this because we have been
using it quite frequently
this is the structure of dye isobutyl
aluminum hydride this - I saw a tile one
almani amendment hydride this is the
structure of dye isobutyl aluminum
hydride there is a bulky reducing agent
so bulky it's not strong reducing agent
it's a weak reducing agent actually if
we use lithium aluminum Lal s4 so it
will whatever Rd high degraded beaded
use to alcohol la la score is very
strong reducing agent
li L s4 is again reducing agent it's a
very strong so will not be able to use
it for Rd high because the moment you
get under hides and since you have used
Lal h4 kilogram alcohol right so we
should not be using strong reducing
agents we have to use V using each in
and die I say we tell Elmo Neum hydride
is one of the v QD signature correct so
here we'll do the same thing and we use
no temperature - 70 degree Celsius and
this is all reduction so what we
understand we are doing reduction by a
BQ reducing agent and a low temperature
right so I have my let's suppose Easter
right and then let me take a general
equation this is my Easter and then I
use again die I save it aluminum hydride
first and then do hydrolysis great in a
sleek mininum what I get is our CE o H
this is what I get
so for example I have it suppose ch3 ch2
ch2 ch3 so in this case I use d
IBE el edge and then h2o influence of h
plus I get ch3 ch2 ch2 co h this is what
I'll get this is my LTI thank you visit
our website exam Viacom to watch more
and more qualities we should be use you
can also attempt free online tests that
are there in our website you can also
get access to tons of free study
materials and you can also find free
tutors and mentors in this website
thanks a lot for watching
ketones and carboxylic acid part line is
brought to you by exam va.com no more
fear from exam let's talk about some of
the methods which are exclusively for
LED hi there only for aldehyde
preparation one is the method to prepare
aldehyde from a size right please know
this is only for aldehyde are Co H with
the structure one is from the asylum
writes others are nitriles and Easter's
and other is from hydrocarbons from
hydrocarbons will talk about oxidation
of methyl benzene by sidechain
chlorination followed by hydrolysis and
by Gutterman caused reaction so we
talked about all these first let's talk
about the assign chloride this is only
for Elliot please know it's only for the
ligands so in this we did use acid
chlorides whatever this we have right we
reuse it with hydrogen in the boiling
xylene solvent in the presence of
palladium catalyst and we also use baso
for this is to poison we will discuss
why we use this so this is similar to
hydrogenation actually so if you see we
have discussed that we have this pallid
a metal and then we have hydrogen here
right this bond breaks and you have a
leaky can actually make it alkane using
the similar process right so same thing
applies here you have some assigned
fluoride that is in the form of our cocl
here we use hydrogen in the presence of
paradigm catalyst and we use BSO for to
poison it I will explain you why right
and we use boiling xylene solvent
correct so the mechanism is pretty is
same you have this palladium catalyst
it's a metal so the metal surface this
hydrogen bonds nice Libre
and hide we can get h- also so what
happens is in this paradigm catalyst
hydrogen actually breaks into two of
hydrogen feed any guys this one in this
correct now what happens is example I
have this are cocl this chlorine will
easily be replaced by this hydrogen
right why one chlorine is a good living
room
why CL - is good living room in the
second C this is lone pair repulsion so
this is the chlorine has lone pair here
oxygen has lone pair this fellow and be
repulsion because of lone pair repulsion
in oxy in the chlorine it is not that
stable right so chlorine will leave and
hydrogen will take its place
so you get this and this is idly hi it's
only for aldehyde correct so that is the
mechanism pretty easy mechanism and now
reason why we had BSO for is we want to
poison it you want to poison the surface
because if you don't poison the surface
is paradigm attracts electron which
compound right so if you don't poison
this if you don't use BSO for what will
happen is I'll show this you have RC or
CL right you do a reduction it becomes
RC o H you do further reduction it
becomes R ch2oh
and then it becomes R ch3 so if you
don't use paradigm if you don't poison
it what will happen is this is a very
strong reducing agent at least perineum
surface it will reduce my our COC is si
chloride to actually alkane we do not
want that I don't want to stop it here
so with that once you poison it the
capability of this Palladium
metal in terms of hydrogen to reduce the
particular compound is less right so it
can only do this much reduction after
that it will not be capable of doing it
correct so that is the reason why we
pause it if you know one poisonin the
reduction will happen further and it
will become alkane you want to stop here
you want to stop here to stop here we
need to poison student the moment I am
saying poisoning that means I am making
it weaker a weaker you can say make it a
weaker reducing agent correct so that is
the purpose of mediums of it because
this is a porous it is kind of porous
metal right and if you put barium
sulfide this burial cell Bertrille sit
in this hose and will make this whole
metal less reactive right and this
reaction is called Rosen one reaction
Rosen one reaction or Rosenman reduction
rose once reaction or reduction also you
can see correct example if you want I
can take ch3 cucl you add hydrogen in
the presence of thallium catalyst BSO
for right to poison it and again boiling
xylene so what you get is ch3 Co H and
you get s see what happens here is this
h2 breaks into H dot and s dot so one
Ashdod replaces this in what you see in
a lot you get that reacts with st Otto
forms ICF correct another reaction if
you want for aromatic you have this
compound in this also you add hydrogen
in the same situation ve s o4 and inside
e what you get is CL is replaced with H
and you get HCl and this component
benzaldehyde we already know this
correct so can easily prepare aldehyde
from acyl chloride using Rosenman
reaction so one memory did to remember
this reaction is C Rosenman rose in mind
that means your mind is full of rose
your - poisoned that you think only
about rose rose rose in yet your mind is
poison and the more you think not poison
there very few reaction Mary use this
poison technique right so me and think
of this reaction then that be a so for
used for poisoning and then you can
think of this reaction where you assign
chloride and then use hydrogen tunneling
catalyst in this poison to make sure
that this is not very strong reducing
agent right we can think of this just
emeriti to remember this for Rosenman
reaction the next is we have to prepare
aldehyde from nitriles various waste -
that one is
Rosenman reaction sorry steven reaction
where you use sncl2 followed by
hydrolysis this one but the next is use
dye isobutyl aluminum hydride it is l h
li you have isobutane here this one yeah
and then water two ways let us discuss
the first one the Stephan reaction so
here I have a nitrile
I use stannous chloride stannis and see
when the name is attained is it with a
memory tip to remember this sncl2
to form to add with HCL some acid is
required to form a me and this on
hydrolysis
we'll give me aldehyde so the reason why
it works his CSN plus two thousand plus
two has tendency to go to SN plus four
right so SN plus two has some tendency
to become SN plus four
did you inert pair effect since it has
tendency to become SN plus two 2s and
last four ways it has two energy to get
oxidized itself that means it is a good
or mildly reducing agent so it is mild
reducing agent correct why because it
has some tendency to move from SN plus
two to SL plus four correct so since it
is reducing agent so reduction you can
add do either by adding hydrogen or
removing oxygen so here in case pill and
hydrogen correct so if you see the
reaction mechanism I have SN 2 class
becomes SN 4 class it gives two electron
correct so two electrons will be used by
h plus from HCl to gives H minus let's H
minus will react on H minus what will
happen suppose I have a nitrile group I
have our C triple bond n this nitrogen
has a tendency is more electronegative
than carbon so this this nitrogen will
get slightly negative charge carbon get
slightly positive charge and this H
minus which we have attack this carbon
right so what you get is our C double
bond n minus and h plus they are so many
h plus is everything in happening in h
plus solution so there's n minus will
get 1 h plus so what you get is our c
double bond and h
now since it is a mild reducing agent it
will not reduce the second double bond
please not say this is a mild reducing
agent it will not reduce the second
double bond it will not be RC sorry it
is a chair it not be our ch2 NH 2 it
will stop here correct this is the max
work done by SN 2 correct now you see
this nitrogen has gone there now I am
doing the hydrolysis correct now I do a
hydrolysis I am adding h3o plus it is H+
and water correct so the moment I do a
hydrolysis and I am doing what adding
water to it what will happen is this
again since it is having a lone pair
this we attracted here in this bond will
break what will a given is aa C H with a
positive charge in NH 2 right now since
I have an H+ and water also slipped me
and water here
water water it has a lone pair of
electrons will get attracted towards
this positive charge correct so with
this what you get is our C H in H 2o h h
an oxygen will nominate a positive
charge correct conservation of charge so
electrons move from oxygen to carbon
oxygen gets positive charge carbon gets
negative negative most utilizing
phonsavanh this is what you will get now
if you see oxygen the positive charge
oxygen electronegative element it won't
like the positive charge so it will give
it charge out how is bond will break and
even h plus an S Class will go to n is 3
right because nitrogen has a lone pair
no one pair of electrons will attract
this h plus right to this s plus the
last link he attracted by this nitrogen
so what you get is our C H in h3 the
positive charge in OHA
all right right but you know also is the
electronegative element it won't it
won't be happy with a positive charge so
what it will do it will come out it will
come out in this fashion the bond will
break and this will come on right bond
will break in this fashion this again
negative charge with positive negative
or neutral eyes and if they is very
happy out and you will get up carbo
cation in this thing correct now carbon
has a positive charge and we have
hydrogen here right now we have seen
this so many times
Attalus know like this Oh H here you
have seen this so many times what
happened in this case somebody has to
leave right or something has to come but
if you see is all edge+ here so what
will happen here is this bond will break
right this bond will break in this
fashion so what will happen is oxygen
get a negative charge carbon link+ shall
form of bonding so you get
RC h and here you form another one and h
plus comes out and it is in the system
right because we have lot of ice plus
ions in the system this is what you get
them Oh hope you'll immense reaction
will be once again so I have SN plus 2
it has slightly initiative in the
messengerís flow so it is mild reducing
agent s plus 2 becomes SN plus 4 2
electrons 2 electrons is used by h plus
you have load of s plus in the system to
gives H minus this ash man attacked this
RC n and you get this compound right and
in this n minus red I cash form system
you get this compound now since the mine
reducing agent it won't reduce this
further now on this I am doing a head of
Isis this h plus n what correct
so this s+ will attack this or this this
lone pair of electrons the time this H+
because this good electron which side
you get this the bond breaks in carbon
gets a positive charge
you also have water so water has this
oxygen has the lone pair to attract to
the tag this plus charge in carbon you
get this come from and this nitrogen has
a lone pair it it is okay to get some
positive charge this has a positive
charge here oxygen oxygen is now a
positive charge electronegative element
so this bond will bring in H+ will join
this guy the iteration so not actually
gets a positive charge nitrogen doesn't
make positive charge against electric
development it comes out the bond bricks
and he comes out and he is good it's a
GAF athlete leaves so leaves you very
easily unless he comes out and carbon
gets a positive charge somebody has to
leave so this all hydrogen says okay I'm
okay I'm Lee I'm leaving
hydrogen leaves walking gets negative
charge carbon gets opposed it has a
positive charge whatever and if you
charge palm to double bond and you get
this type this is the reaction mechanism
see the next reaction we have is as I
told you have our CN and you can just
use this die I so be tiled aluminium
hydride so blue tile yeah and then you
add water you get our c po h that is
also one possibility is also a reducing
agent pilots ignition so here also you
get the similar kind of stuffs
it's my editing agent and then from here
the reaction is almost same so here also
we used i iso retired aluminium hydride
just we have discussed dye isobutyl
aluminum hydride
this is how we call it and let me draw a
structure for this because we have been
using it quite frequently
this is the structure of dye isobutyl
aluminum hydride this - I saw a tile one
almani amendment hydride this is the
structure of dye isobutyl aluminum
hydride there is a bulky reducing agent
so bulky it's not strong reducing agent
it's a weak reducing agent actually if
we use lithium aluminum Lal s4 so it
will whatever Rd high degraded beaded
use to alcohol la la score is very
strong reducing agent
li L s4 is again reducing agent it's a
very strong so will not be able to use
it for Rd high because the moment you
get under hides and since you have used
Lal h4 kilogram alcohol right so we
should not be using strong reducing
agents we have to use V using each in
and die I say we tell Elmo Neum hydride
is one of the v QD signature correct so
here we'll do the same thing and we use
no temperature - 70 degree Celsius and
this is all reduction so what we
understand we are doing reduction by a
BQ reducing agent and a low temperature
right so I have my let's suppose Easter
right and then let me take a general
equation this is my Easter and then I
use again die I save it aluminum hydride
first and then do hydrolysis great in a
sleek mininum what I get is our CE o H
this is what I get
so for example I have it suppose ch3 ch2
ch2 ch3 so in this case I use d
IBE el edge and then h2o influence of h
plus I get ch3 ch2 ch2 co h this is what
I'll get this is my LTI thank you visit
our website exam Viacom to watch more
and more qualities we should be use you
can also attempt free online tests that
are there in our website you can also
get access to tons of free study
materials and you can also find free
tutors and mentors in this website
thanks a lot for watching
About this Video
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Apr 19, 2026 Last updated
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Information about Aldehyde exclusive preparation-1 - Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chemistry, Class 12
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