CBSE Class 12 > Class 12 Videos > Ketone exclusive preparation (Part - 11)- Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids, Chemistry, Class 12
Ketone exclusive preparation (Part - 11)- Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic
FAQs on Ketone exclusive preparation (Part - 11)- Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids, Chemistry, Class 12
| 1. What is the preparation method for ketones? |  |
Ans. Ketones can be prepared by the oxidation of secondary alcohols using oxidizing agents like acidified potassium dichromate or Jones reagent. The alcohol undergoes dehydrogenation to form a ketone.
| 2. Can ketones be prepared from aldehydes? | |
Ans. Yes, ketones can be prepared from aldehydes through a process called the Cannizzaro reaction. In this reaction, an aldehyde is treated with a strong base, such as concentrated potassium hydroxide, which results in the formation of a salt and an alcohol. The alcohol can further be oxidized to form a ketone.
| 3. What are some common oxidizing agents used for ketone preparation? | |
Ans. Some common oxidizing agents used for ketone preparation include acidified potassium dichromate, Jones reagent (a mixture of chromic acid and sulfuric acid), and pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC). These oxidizing agents can selectively oxidize secondary alcohols to ketones.
| 4. Can ketones be prepared from carboxylic acids? | |
Ans. Yes, ketones can be prepared from carboxylic acids through a process called the Fischer esterification. In this reaction, a carboxylic acid is treated with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid. The reaction produces an ester, which can be further hydrolyzed to yield a ketone.
| 5. Are there any other methods to prepare ketones? | |
Ans. Yes, there are other methods to prepare ketones. One such method is the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, where an aromatic compound is treated with an acyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as aluminum chloride. This reaction results in the formation of a ketone derivative.
Text Transcript from Video
hello friends this video on aldehyde
ketones and carboxylic acid part 11 is
brought to you by exam viacom no more
fear from exam now we learn some methods
to prepare ketone exclusively with well
learned three methods one from the acai
lights from the nitrile and then from
the benzene and substituted benzene
let's discuss preparation of ketones
exclusive the three methods actually
from mesial chloride from my trials and
from benzene and substitute benzene
let's discuss with acai chloride see
from acyl chloride what we do is if you
have a side fluoride we use CDR do you
need to plus or minus I this is my CD
are to die alcohol cadmium and with this
I get keto and I get CCL 2 so what is
special about CD are to this die alcohol
is similar to rmgx if you see rmgx it
has r minus mg 2 plus X minus this is
rmgx you take CD CL CDR to this CD 2
plus here if R - here you are - correct
busted since in cadmium the shielding
effect is less since tightly held so
this is less reactive and it has more
reactive more reactive so why are we not
using
rmgx because if I use RMG's grignard
reagent so it will further it use this
ketone to alcohols
so we don't want that right so we will
use CD r 2 is less reactive then rmgx
and how to form CDR to CC they are too
we can form by okay I'll take it later
let's see the reaction first li Xun if
you have CDR do right so if I have a
size chloride and I have CDR too so if
you see here it is
oxy and slightly negative charge
slightly positive charge chlorine hogs
electron from this carbon there gives
all the more positive charge so if you
see this carbon has very much positive
charge but you see the ketone right so
this gets slightly negative charge they
slightly posture but this alkyl group
gives electrons to this carbon so this
has less positive sure this is all the
more positive charge if you see this is
a very strong you can say nucleophilic
Center or it is a very strong
electrophile this is very strong
electrophile and if you see this is our
- Carmine's in +2 this R - can easily
attack this but this is is not that
strong to attack this carbon right
that's why we are using the mileage it
please note as I told in case of
aldehyde ketone we always look for my
agent dia BL for the ABL as the
Malaysian here CDR - is the mileage M if
you compare rmgx and CDR to RM CDR do is
a Malaysian correct so if you are using
CDR - and with this you get this and CBC
it correct that this is the reaction mix
and now once you get this even if you
add CD or here this won't go anywhere
they want me in reaction because this is
a mild agent it won't be converting
ketones to alcohols
but in in seed of this if you had used
rmgx to ignite reagent you would have
converted ketones ooh alcohols correct
and that is the reason why you use CDR -
so the pair CDR - what we do is we take
this rmgx again
region and we react with CD CL to write
cadmium dichloro cadmium and I get CD r2
that is dialkyl cadmium +2 charge minus
1 minus 1 so this is the reaction
mechanism let us now discuss ways to
prepare ketones from nitriles to do this
what we take do is we take nitrile let
me take grignard reagent here
and whatever product we get from this
right let's suppose we got X product we
do a hydrolysis and then we get Quito
for example if I have let's suppose cs3
cs2 c2 pokémon and this man I try and
let me add a grignard reagent that is
c6h5 mg PR let's suppose correct now
with this what happens is this bond
breaks since nitrogen is more
electronegative it gives negative charge
slightly positive charge this in this
case my alkyne roof that is C 6 H 5 has
a negative charge mg has plus charge
here also has a negative charge that's
how the grignard reagent is so this C 6
H 5 will be attached to this carbon and
this whole MGB are will be attached to
this nitrogen correct we have seen this
kind of examples this become C 3 H 2 C
double bond n and here I'll have phenyl
and here I'll have mg B are correct so
now here also PC Knight nitrogen will
have lone pair of electrons
like now what will happen is we are
doing the hydrolysis so when you do
hydrolysis you have h plus h minus I so
h plus and it's suppose we have h minus
minus from hydrolyzes so this in this
lone pair of electrons will try this H
class in this OS - since this mg has
clash as it toward right mg has plus
charge this is going to travel to mg and
this bonding break so with this what you
get is ch3 ch2 C ph n with the h and you
get mg BR with oho that's what you get
and again here also if you see in this
double bond here nitrogen will still
have the lone pairs again you do
hydrolysis you have h plus and OS - you
have h plus and OH h minus again coming
so here again nitrogen will attract this
h plus correct this bond will break you
see carbon is nitrogen is more
electronegative here right so carbon
will also get slightly positive shots
here also carbon has slightly push each
other but mg has more positive charge so
h- got attracted to mg plus here
carbonyls will have slightly positive
charge right because nitrogen is more
electronegative so OS - in this case
will be attracted towards this carbon
and again this bond will break correct
this model break in this fashion so what
you get here is draw here ch3 ch2 will
be intact and see single bond n in here
I'll have a wedge here like fennel in
here I'll have no way of it
that's what I'll get see H this H
attached to n so n has to hydrogen
strong correct so since I am doing
hydrolysis I will have more H+ ions here
correct this H+ ions will be attracted
where so one option is oxygen attracts
H+ or one egg option is nitrogen and
driest less nitrogen will attract this
is plus because nh3
comes out very easily right we have seen
lot of cases this become ch3 ch2 ch2 h
nh3 and n with a plus charge right now
here nitrogen with the plus charge
nitrogen won't like it because nitrogen
is electro negative compound element
actually so this bond will break now
this bond will break in this fashion so
that this electron comes from nitrogen
hydrogen of neutrals and this becomes
positive charge so let's become ch3 see
is to see which pH with the positive
charge because this bond broke and Plus
n is 3 this goes off correct now this
car has a positive charge so either it
should get some negative charge element
Miller is knowing each other elements
what happens this hydrogen will say ok I
leave I will leave to make this neutral
so this hydrogen bond will break in this
fashion with this oxygen will get a
negative charge and negative and
positive charge will form a double bond
so with this what you get is a ch3 ch2
Seadrill bond o and p h and h plus goes
in the system that is a reaction
mechanism for this reaction so hope you
understood what happening here I had
this my trial it may explain once in the
different color so I had this my trial
the triple bond nitrogen will being a
Canadian carbon will slightly have
negative charge commonly has slightly
positive charge and I have an this
grignard reagent we know you're in
region mg has +2 charge this Alki group
in this case I have a benzene ring you
will have negative charge in B I also
had any chart right so this negative
shall get it ready toward this positive
carbon and the snake this mg plus mg BR
the whole thing will have negative child
holy QC this will get attracted towards
nitrogen it forms compound where this
one of the bond will break it form a
double bond right and now if you see
here again I am doing hydrolysis next
step this step two from here dissolve
step two it's all hydrolyzing steps so
H+ and a wash - here comes so h plus
will look for a lone pair so the only
thing which has no one pair is a
nitrogen and OS - look for something
which has plus charge mg B as maximum
plus charge so wash - well attract - mg
+ + h+ will be attracted towards
nitrogen lone pair so this bond will
break so mg b ro h will come out and
we'll have this Kabam it will do more
hydrolysis more and more H+ watch - will
come to system
now again H+ innovation - ion so h plus
if you see the mitral Union has the lone
pairs and I'd this hydrogen will be
attracted to this nitrogen and if you
see this is because this nitrogen has
the is more ninety than carbon-carbon
will develop slightly positive shot
since gobble has slightly positive
charge which - will be attracted toward
this carbon again this double bond will
break and will have a single bond here
if you see there's a double bond here
now we have a single bond here alright
the one this bond will break in this
fashion in this fashion and hydrogen
will be attached to this nitrogen and Oh
H will be attached to this again will do
will have more H+ ions in the system
this s plus ions will again look for
lone pair nitrogen has oxygen has it
will get attached to nitrogen because
again this is a possibility that n it
becomes n s3 it can leave easily and
this is a good leaving group it's more
stable also so explicitly attached to
this NH - it becomes n s3 + but nitrogen
doesn't like positive charge this is
electron ative element it will come out
and call this bond will break
in this fashion so electrons will go to
this nitrogen hydrogen will become
neutralized and Cowan will get a
positive shot since carbon gets a
positive charge it has to neutralize
there is nothing to neutralize it
so oxygen will this hydrogen will say ok
let me give you let me go off and and
because in the world one or if you want
you can think in this fashion also this
is the positive charge Oh ish minus
comes in a - here there is a - oh Sh -
in this carbon and we have seen out of
this place is that if in one common you
have to wash - to bali group s - goes
off and oxygen is left with a double
bond so you can think in this fashion
also hey so that is the reaction
mechanism for this reaction let's see
this reaction where we duplicate ketones
from benzene and substituted benzene so
here if you take a benzene and what we
can do is we can make some acid chloride
and we can use alcl3 will be
friedel-crafts reaction you will get
keto it's nothing but my friedel-crafts
reaction you have seen this reaction a
couple of times I will take show you an
example or instead of alcl3 it is
something like a R or R cucl that is my
asset all right right and you get ketone
ketone will be something of this fashion
here here over R one example I can take
for example I have this ketone sorry
benzene I have ch3 cucl and I use alcl3
so I will get this combo so the reaction
mechanism is pretty simple so alcl3 will
react with ch3 Co CL to give al CL 4 -
and
ch3co carbocatine
now I have my benzene ring and I get
carbo-cation with the positive charge
this double bond will track this
position that would want to break and
even this has hydrogen by default if
each of these hydrogen but I'm not
showing it I am showing only this
because this will take part in this
reaction so but this what happens is
this bond this bond breaks right this
bond breaks and this comes here and it
gets a positive charge
since the Rings has the ring has broken
and the hermiticity has gone to restore
it let me see what happens is this
Express goes off and it gets a negative
charge here and again the bond comes up
so this bond breaks in this fashion this
you get this we have seen this reaction
couple of times
this is fiddle craft reaction
thank you visit our website exam viacom
to watch more and more quality education
videos you can also attempt free online
tests that are there in our website you
can also get access to tons of free
study materials and you can also find
free tutors and mentors in this website
thanks a lot for watching
ketones and carboxylic acid part 11 is
brought to you by exam viacom no more
fear from exam now we learn some methods
to prepare ketone exclusively with well
learned three methods one from the acai
lights from the nitrile and then from
the benzene and substituted benzene
let's discuss preparation of ketones
exclusive the three methods actually
from mesial chloride from my trials and
from benzene and substitute benzene
let's discuss with acai chloride see
from acyl chloride what we do is if you
have a side fluoride we use CDR do you
need to plus or minus I this is my CD
are to die alcohol cadmium and with this
I get keto and I get CCL 2 so what is
special about CD are to this die alcohol
is similar to rmgx if you see rmgx it
has r minus mg 2 plus X minus this is
rmgx you take CD CL CDR to this CD 2
plus here if R - here you are - correct
busted since in cadmium the shielding
effect is less since tightly held so
this is less reactive and it has more
reactive more reactive so why are we not
using
rmgx because if I use RMG's grignard
reagent so it will further it use this
ketone to alcohols
so we don't want that right so we will
use CD r 2 is less reactive then rmgx
and how to form CDR to CC they are too
we can form by okay I'll take it later
let's see the reaction first li Xun if
you have CDR do right so if I have a
size chloride and I have CDR too so if
you see here it is
oxy and slightly negative charge
slightly positive charge chlorine hogs
electron from this carbon there gives
all the more positive charge so if you
see this carbon has very much positive
charge but you see the ketone right so
this gets slightly negative charge they
slightly posture but this alkyl group
gives electrons to this carbon so this
has less positive sure this is all the
more positive charge if you see this is
a very strong you can say nucleophilic
Center or it is a very strong
electrophile this is very strong
electrophile and if you see this is our
- Carmine's in +2 this R - can easily
attack this but this is is not that
strong to attack this carbon right
that's why we are using the mileage it
please note as I told in case of
aldehyde ketone we always look for my
agent dia BL for the ABL as the
Malaysian here CDR - is the mileage M if
you compare rmgx and CDR to RM CDR do is
a Malaysian correct so if you are using
CDR - and with this you get this and CBC
it correct that this is the reaction mix
and now once you get this even if you
add CD or here this won't go anywhere
they want me in reaction because this is
a mild agent it won't be converting
ketones to alcohols
but in in seed of this if you had used
rmgx to ignite reagent you would have
converted ketones ooh alcohols correct
and that is the reason why you use CDR -
so the pair CDR - what we do is we take
this rmgx again
region and we react with CD CL to write
cadmium dichloro cadmium and I get CD r2
that is dialkyl cadmium +2 charge minus
1 minus 1 so this is the reaction
mechanism let us now discuss ways to
prepare ketones from nitriles to do this
what we take do is we take nitrile let
me take grignard reagent here
and whatever product we get from this
right let's suppose we got X product we
do a hydrolysis and then we get Quito
for example if I have let's suppose cs3
cs2 c2 pokémon and this man I try and
let me add a grignard reagent that is
c6h5 mg PR let's suppose correct now
with this what happens is this bond
breaks since nitrogen is more
electronegative it gives negative charge
slightly positive charge this in this
case my alkyne roof that is C 6 H 5 has
a negative charge mg has plus charge
here also has a negative charge that's
how the grignard reagent is so this C 6
H 5 will be attached to this carbon and
this whole MGB are will be attached to
this nitrogen correct we have seen this
kind of examples this become C 3 H 2 C
double bond n and here I'll have phenyl
and here I'll have mg B are correct so
now here also PC Knight nitrogen will
have lone pair of electrons
like now what will happen is we are
doing the hydrolysis so when you do
hydrolysis you have h plus h minus I so
h plus and it's suppose we have h minus
minus from hydrolyzes so this in this
lone pair of electrons will try this H
class in this OS - since this mg has
clash as it toward right mg has plus
charge this is going to travel to mg and
this bonding break so with this what you
get is ch3 ch2 C ph n with the h and you
get mg BR with oho that's what you get
and again here also if you see in this
double bond here nitrogen will still
have the lone pairs again you do
hydrolysis you have h plus and OS - you
have h plus and OH h minus again coming
so here again nitrogen will attract this
h plus correct this bond will break you
see carbon is nitrogen is more
electronegative here right so carbon
will also get slightly positive shots
here also carbon has slightly push each
other but mg has more positive charge so
h- got attracted to mg plus here
carbonyls will have slightly positive
charge right because nitrogen is more
electronegative so OS - in this case
will be attracted towards this carbon
and again this bond will break correct
this model break in this fashion so what
you get here is draw here ch3 ch2 will
be intact and see single bond n in here
I'll have a wedge here like fennel in
here I'll have no way of it
that's what I'll get see H this H
attached to n so n has to hydrogen
strong correct so since I am doing
hydrolysis I will have more H+ ions here
correct this H+ ions will be attracted
where so one option is oxygen attracts
H+ or one egg option is nitrogen and
driest less nitrogen will attract this
is plus because nh3
comes out very easily right we have seen
lot of cases this become ch3 ch2 ch2 h
nh3 and n with a plus charge right now
here nitrogen with the plus charge
nitrogen won't like it because nitrogen
is electro negative compound element
actually so this bond will break now
this bond will break in this fashion so
that this electron comes from nitrogen
hydrogen of neutrals and this becomes
positive charge so let's become ch3 see
is to see which pH with the positive
charge because this bond broke and Plus
n is 3 this goes off correct now this
car has a positive charge so either it
should get some negative charge element
Miller is knowing each other elements
what happens this hydrogen will say ok I
leave I will leave to make this neutral
so this hydrogen bond will break in this
fashion with this oxygen will get a
negative charge and negative and
positive charge will form a double bond
so with this what you get is a ch3 ch2
Seadrill bond o and p h and h plus goes
in the system that is a reaction
mechanism for this reaction so hope you
understood what happening here I had
this my trial it may explain once in the
different color so I had this my trial
the triple bond nitrogen will being a
Canadian carbon will slightly have
negative charge commonly has slightly
positive charge and I have an this
grignard reagent we know you're in
region mg has +2 charge this Alki group
in this case I have a benzene ring you
will have negative charge in B I also
had any chart right so this negative
shall get it ready toward this positive
carbon and the snake this mg plus mg BR
the whole thing will have negative child
holy QC this will get attracted towards
nitrogen it forms compound where this
one of the bond will break it form a
double bond right and now if you see
here again I am doing hydrolysis next
step this step two from here dissolve
step two it's all hydrolyzing steps so
H+ and a wash - here comes so h plus
will look for a lone pair so the only
thing which has no one pair is a
nitrogen and OS - look for something
which has plus charge mg B as maximum
plus charge so wash - well attract - mg
+ + h+ will be attracted towards
nitrogen lone pair so this bond will
break so mg b ro h will come out and
we'll have this Kabam it will do more
hydrolysis more and more H+ watch - will
come to system
now again H+ innovation - ion so h plus
if you see the mitral Union has the lone
pairs and I'd this hydrogen will be
attracted to this nitrogen and if you
see this is because this nitrogen has
the is more ninety than carbon-carbon
will develop slightly positive shot
since gobble has slightly positive
charge which - will be attracted toward
this carbon again this double bond will
break and will have a single bond here
if you see there's a double bond here
now we have a single bond here alright
the one this bond will break in this
fashion in this fashion and hydrogen
will be attached to this nitrogen and Oh
H will be attached to this again will do
will have more H+ ions in the system
this s plus ions will again look for
lone pair nitrogen has oxygen has it
will get attached to nitrogen because
again this is a possibility that n it
becomes n s3 it can leave easily and
this is a good leaving group it's more
stable also so explicitly attached to
this NH - it becomes n s3 + but nitrogen
doesn't like positive charge this is
electron ative element it will come out
and call this bond will break
in this fashion so electrons will go to
this nitrogen hydrogen will become
neutralized and Cowan will get a
positive shot since carbon gets a
positive charge it has to neutralize
there is nothing to neutralize it
so oxygen will this hydrogen will say ok
let me give you let me go off and and
because in the world one or if you want
you can think in this fashion also this
is the positive charge Oh ish minus
comes in a - here there is a - oh Sh -
in this carbon and we have seen out of
this place is that if in one common you
have to wash - to bali group s - goes
off and oxygen is left with a double
bond so you can think in this fashion
also hey so that is the reaction
mechanism for this reaction let's see
this reaction where we duplicate ketones
from benzene and substituted benzene so
here if you take a benzene and what we
can do is we can make some acid chloride
and we can use alcl3 will be
friedel-crafts reaction you will get
keto it's nothing but my friedel-crafts
reaction you have seen this reaction a
couple of times I will take show you an
example or instead of alcl3 it is
something like a R or R cucl that is my
asset all right right and you get ketone
ketone will be something of this fashion
here here over R one example I can take
for example I have this ketone sorry
benzene I have ch3 cucl and I use alcl3
so I will get this combo so the reaction
mechanism is pretty simple so alcl3 will
react with ch3 Co CL to give al CL 4 -
and
ch3co carbocatine
now I have my benzene ring and I get
carbo-cation with the positive charge
this double bond will track this
position that would want to break and
even this has hydrogen by default if
each of these hydrogen but I'm not
showing it I am showing only this
because this will take part in this
reaction so but this what happens is
this bond this bond breaks right this
bond breaks and this comes here and it
gets a positive charge
since the Rings has the ring has broken
and the hermiticity has gone to restore
it let me see what happens is this
Express goes off and it gets a negative
charge here and again the bond comes up
so this bond breaks in this fashion this
you get this we have seen this reaction
couple of times
this is fiddle craft reaction
thank you visit our website exam viacom
to watch more and more quality education
videos you can also attempt free online
tests that are there in our website you
can also get access to tons of free
study materials and you can also find
free tutors and mentors in this website
thanks a lot for watching
About this Video
4.9/5 Rating
Apr 20, 2026 Last updated
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