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Multiple Alleles Video Lecture - NEET

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1. What are multiple alleles?
Multiple alleles refer to a situation where a gene has more than two alternative forms or variations. In other words, instead of having just two options, like dominant and recessive alleles, multiple alleles offer several possibilities for a particular gene. Each individual still carries only two alleles, but within a population, there can be numerous variations of those alleles.
2. How do multiple alleles contribute to genetic diversity?
Multiple alleles play a significant role in increasing genetic diversity within a population. With more than two alternative forms of a gene, there are more possibilities for different combinations of alleles in individuals. This variation allows for a wider range of traits and characteristics to be expressed, leading to increased diversity in the population.
3. Can multiple alleles lead to different phenotypes?
Yes, multiple alleles can result in different phenotypes. Phenotype refers to the physical expression or observable traits of an organism, and it is influenced by the alleles present in an individual's genotype. With multiple alleles, each allele can have a different impact on the phenotype, leading to various physical characteristics or traits.
4. Can multiple alleles be found in all genes?
No, multiple alleles are not present in all genes. Some genes have only two alternative forms, known as a single allele. However, certain genes have multiple variations, resulting in multiple alleles. Examples of genes with multiple alleles include the ABO blood group gene, where there are three alleles (A, B, and O), and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, which have numerous alleles.
5. Do multiple alleles always follow a simple dominant-recessive pattern?
No, multiple alleles do not always follow a simple dominant-recessive pattern. While some multiple allele systems may exhibit dominant and recessive relationships, others may have codominance or incomplete dominance. In codominance, both alleles are expressed equally, resulting in a combined phenotype. In incomplete dominance, the phenotype of the heterozygous individual is an intermediate blend of the phenotypes of the two homozygous individuals. The expression of multiple alleles can vary depending on the specific gene and its interactions with other alleles.
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