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Transcription: Central Dogma Video Lecture - NEET
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| 1. What is the central dogma of molecular biology? |  |
Ans. The central dogma of molecular biology is a concept that describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.
| 2. How does transcription occur in the central dogma? | |
Ans. Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus of a cell, where an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA called the promoter. RNA polymerase then reads the DNA sequence and synthesizes a complementary RNA molecule.
| 3. What is translation in the central dogma? | |
Ans. Translation is the process by which RNA is converted into proteins. It takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell, where ribosomes interact with the messenger RNA (mRNA) produced during transcription. Ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and use it as a template to assemble amino acids into a protein chain.
| 4. Can the central dogma be reversed? | |
Ans. In general, the central dogma is considered to be a unidirectional flow of genetic information. However, there are some exceptions to this rule. For example, certain viruses can reverse the flow by converting RNA into DNA through a process called reverse transcription.
| 5. How does the central dogma relate to genetic disorders? | |
Ans. The central dogma plays a crucial role in understanding genetic disorders. Many disorders result from mutations or changes in the DNA sequence, which can affect the transcription and translation processes. By studying how these processes are disrupted, scientists can gain insights into the causes and potential treatments for genetic disorders.
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