NEET Exam > NEET Videos > Biology Class 12 > Genetic Code & Deciphering Genetic Code
Genetic Code & Deciphering Genetic Code Video Lecture | Biology Class 12 - NEET
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FAQs on Genetic Code & Deciphering Genetic Code Video Lecture - Biology Class 12 - NEET
| 1. What is the genetic code and how does it work? |  |
Ans. The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within DNA or mRNA sequences is translated into proteins. It consists of a series of codons, each consisting of three nucleotides, which specify a particular amino acid or a stop signal. The process of translation involves the decoding of these codons by ribosomes, which then link the corresponding amino acids together to form a protein.
| 2. How was the genetic code deciphered? | |
Ans. The deciphering of the genetic code was a collaborative effort by several scientists. In the 1960s, Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei conducted groundbreaking experiments using synthetic RNA molecules to determine which amino acids were specified by different codons. They used a cell-free system that allowed them to observe the incorporation of amino acids into proteins. Their experiments, along with the work of other researchers, led to the identification of the specific codons for each amino acid and the stop signals in the genetic code.
| 3. What is the importance of deciphering the genetic code? | |
Ans. Deciphering the genetic code has been crucial for understanding the fundamental processes of life and has paved the way for advancements in genetics and biotechnology. It has allowed scientists to predict the amino acid sequence of proteins based on DNA or mRNA sequences, which is vital in studying protein functions and designing drugs. The knowledge of the genetic code has also provided insights into evolutionary relationships and allowed for the manipulation and engineering of genes for various applications, such as genetic engineering and gene therapy.
| 4. Are there any exceptions or variations in the genetic code? | |
Ans. While the genetic code is nearly universal, there are a few exceptions and variations found in certain organisms. For example, in some mitochondria and some bacteria, certain codons may encode different amino acids compared to the standard genetic code. Additionally, some organisms have slightly different codons for stop signals. However, these variations are relatively rare, and the overall principles and rules of the genetic code remain consistent across most organisms.
| 5. How does the deciphering of the genetic code contribute to medical advancements? | |
Ans. The deciphering of the genetic code has had a significant impact on medical advancements. It has allowed researchers to identify genetic mutations and variations that contribute to diseases and disorders, enabling the development of diagnostic tests and targeted therapies. Understanding the genetic code also plays a crucial role in gene therapy, where genes are modified or introduced into cells to treat genetic diseases. Additionally, it has facilitated the study of genetic predisposition to diseases and the identification of potential drug targets, leading to advancements in personalized medicine.
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