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A Brief Account of Evolution Video Lecture | Biology for SSS 3

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1. What is evolution?
Evolution refers to the process of change in all forms of life over generations. It involves the gradual development of new species from pre-existing ones through mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic mutations, and genetic drift.
2. How does natural selection contribute to evolution?
Natural selection is a key mechanism in evolution. It refers to the process by which favorable variations in organisms' traits are more likely to be passed on to future generations. Individuals with advantageous traits have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing, while those with less beneficial traits are less likely to pass on their genes. Over time, this leads to the accumulation of beneficial traits in a population, resulting in evolutionary changes.
3. What are genetic mutations and their role in evolution?
Genetic mutations are changes that occur in the DNA sequence of an organism's genes. They can be caused by various factors such as errors during DNA replication or exposure to certain environmental factors. While most mutations are harmful or neutral, some can be beneficial and provide an advantage to an organism in its environment. These advantageous mutations can increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction, leading to evolutionary changes over time.
4. How does genetic drift influence evolution?
Genetic drift refers to the random fluctuations in the frequency of gene variants (alleles) within a population. It occurs due to chance events, such as the death or migration of individuals, that can lead to the loss or fixation of certain alleles. In small populations, genetic drift can have a significant impact on the genetic makeup of a population. Over time, this can result in the divergence of populations and the formation of new species.
5. Is evolution a theory or a fact?
Evolution is both a theory and a fact. In scientific terms, a theory is an explanation based on extensive evidence, observations, and experimentation. The theory of evolution provides a comprehensive explanation for the diversity of life on Earth and is supported by substantial empirical evidence from various scientific disciplines. The fact of evolution refers to the observation that the process of biological change over time has occurred and continues to occur. Evolutionary theory is widely accepted within the scientific community as the most accurate explanation for the development of life on our planet.
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