Questions - Human Health and Diseases Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on human health
and disease is part 24 is brought to you
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so now that we have reached towards the
end of this lesson let us quickly look
at some of the questions question number
1 how does the transmission of each of
the following diseases take place
amebiasis malaria as SCAD gases and
pneumonia so Amelia this is nothing but
a mimic this entry
so this is caused by the pathogen
entamoeba histolytica and it is
transmitted through contaminated food
and water and housefly acts as a
transmitting agent that is it can
transmit it it acts as a carrier which
can transmit the parasite from one
person to another malaria the
transmitting agent here is female
Anopheles mosquito so when this must go
by it's an infected person it takes the
parasite and when it bites another
normal person it injects the parasite
into the body of that person as Carrie
acids it is caused by the round boom
scatters and this is also transmitted
through contaminated food and water
pneumonia it is caused by the bacteria
and it is also transmitted through
contaminated air so when you say it it
basically means that if there is an
infected person in the neighborhood so
when that person is suffering from
pneumonia when he sneezes there are
chances that those pathogens will be
present in the air surrounding him so
now if a normal person comes in his
vicinity there are chances that he might
inhale that contaminated air and that is
how the infection might happen to him
and it also gets spread through the
screw term of the infected person
question number two the following are
some well-known abbreviations which have
been used in this chapter expanding each
one to its full form Matt it is mucosal
associated lymphoid to shoot now we use
these abbreviations just for a easier
representation because every time
writing such a big name is difficult si
mi that cell mediated immunity it is
that type of immunity where who is the
mediator the t-cells that is the T
lymphocytes are the mediators so T
lymphocytes control the entire immune
response process and antibodies do not
play a role it's awkward acquired in you
know deficiency syndrome it is that
destiny deadly disease which is not
which is normally caused by a virus HIV
and it spreads through sexual contact
NACO that is National AIDS Control
organization HIV just now I was talking
about this this is the virus which is
responsible for causing AIDS that is
human immunodeficiency virus question
number three how is a cancer cells
different from a normal cell now as I
had mentioned before that for a normal
cell it will grow up to a certain limit
now as soon as the normal cells have a
property that when they come in contact
with some other cell they stop dividing
and the stop growing
whereas in case of cancerous cells they
keep on growing and dividing
uncontrollably and in fact that is what
that causes the problem of cancer normal
cells stop dividing when they come in
contact with other cells whereas
continuously divides cancerous cells so
the two main differences are normal
cells will brownie up to a certain
but cancer the sense to keep on growing
normal cells with divide will stop
dividing at a certain point of time but
cancerous cells will keep on dividing
forever normal cells will remain in a
one location so they will not spread
from one part of the body to another
because they are basically not dividing
forever but cancer cells they keep
growing
they keep dividing and they keep
spreading from one part of the body to
another normal cells grow differentiate
and die
cancerous cells just grow and divide
they never die so they just keep on
dividing and growing and increasing in
number so the tumors keep on increasing
in size then they gradually spread
throughout the body and then stop or
they interfere with the body's normal
functioning and the person dies question
number four what measures would you take
to prevent waterborne diseases now for
what the point diseases they ate them
the pathogens are entering our body
through contaminated water so proper
care has to be taken of the water which
we are drinking select consumption of
clean drinking water maybe you can use
aqua guard or ro at your home proper
filtration of water should be done
before it is consumed in some places
even if there is no provision for ro
people should boil water before drinking
water reservoirs to be cleaned
periodically so there is storage
container where you store water that
should also be cleaned periodically
maybe there might be some dirt in that
and on top of that or you keep pouring
water again and again proper disposal of
sewage and excreta so that there the
water which you are drinking it should
be far away from where they excrete are
disposed of takes place so there is no
contamination of the water avoid
stagnant water because stagnant water
can give rise to many bacteria it can
also give rise to breathing mosquitoes
so stagnant water should always be
avoided
question of a file in which way has the
study of biology helped us to control
infectious diseases now biology
has actually helped a lot in controlling
infectious diseases because infectious
diseases if we are able to move the
cause that is which or gal is about
which pathogen caused that disease and
how the disease gets transmitted if we
are able to know these two things we
will be able to treat that we will be
able to prevent that and that is how
biology has helped us so biology helped
us to get the details of the causal
agent status but what is the which
pathogen causes that disease which in
turn helps us to take preventive
measures accordingly now if we know that
typhoid is caused by bacteria and if we
know how can we get rid of that bacteria
so we if you know it is bacteria you can
find out measures to treat it you know
antibiotics can kill bacteria so
antibiotic medication will help to cure
typhoid vaccination against many deadly
diseases for example small pox retainers
call you so it has been decreased by a
large number and that has been made
possible by biologic because vaccines
were invented invention of newer and
better drugs for various diseases so now
if you see whatever diseases we have
discussed so far we found two diseases
for which property or is not yet found
that is AIDS and cancer however a lot of
improvement has taken place in terms of
cancer because earlier the chemotherapy
radiotherapy even these were not there
so the only option that was available
was surgeon now not all cancers can be
treated with surgery for example of
cancer which happens in love you cannot
remove the lungs of the patient so but
now since you have chemotherapy and
radiotherapy so at least it is better a
patient can be treated partially at the
patient can survive for a long time if
the cancer does not occur or if it has
been diagnosed at an early stage so a
lot of improvement has happened
within with the development of biology
question of a sense differentiate
between the following innate and
acquired immunity now as I said in it
immunities inborn immunity which is
present at the time of birth acquired
immunity acquired afterward so innate
immunity is non-pathogen specific for
example when a child is born the child
also has a certain immune system
developed inside which can protect it
from any sort of foreign substances
entering inside its body acquired
immunity is pathogen specific for
example vaccination is an example of
acquired immunity so you got given a
vaccine against swine flu so that
vaccine is against a specific antigen
which causes swine flu so it is pathogen
specific but in it immunity is not spec
vision specific innate immunity provide
values to antigens like whether this
physical values like skin or it is a
physiological barrier like saliva or the
acid in stomach but in case of acquired
immunity it is all controlled by the
lymphocytes that is the B lymphocytes
and the T lymphocytes so these B
lymphocytes will produce antibodies in
response to the antigens and the T
lymphocytes will help the B lymphocytes
to produce antibodies innate immunity is
not memory based so it has nothing to do
with memory but acquired immunity is
based on immunological memory so that is
why you have the specialized memory
cells memory memory cells and they
recognize the antigen so that when the
and gives the same antigen attacks for
the second time then the body's
secondary immune response will be even
more higher intensity now I did not
discuss all these in very much details
because we have already discussed about
innate immunity and acquired immunity
differentiates between the following
active and passive immunity so active
whenever you have the word active that
means the antibodies are produced inside
the body so here body produces
antibodies against Andy
but in passive immunity body doesn't
produce antibodies rather ready-made
antibodies are injected into the body
now here since the body produces it so
it is a slow process because gradually
the antibodies will get produced and it
will take some time to give the immune
response whereas in passive immunity it
is I mean the antibodies are just being
injected into the body so obviously the
process is going to be fast example of
active immunity is vaccination so
oxidation where in a small sample of the
pathogen is injected into the body of
the human being that is the host and
then the body starts preparing
antibodies against it so that is an
example of active immunity
whereas passive immunity is example is
mother's milk like the kid inside the
kid's body though antibodies are
ordering produced antibodies are
produced inside the mother's body and
through the mother's milk it is being
passed on to the kid's body so that
means the kid's body is not producing
antibodies these are ready-made
and the motives which are introduced
into the kid's body through the mother
Smith so that's the difference between
active and passive immunity so with this
we have reached towards the end of this
lesson and I hope that this lesson on
human health and diseases would have
helped you please go through the
concepts of immunity that is very much
important in this lesson so see you all
in the next lesson thank you please
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