Biotechnology and its Principles Video Lecture - NEET

principles of biotechnology genetic
engineering in vitro DNA technology used
to isolate genes from an organism
manipulate them in laboratory as per
desire and insert them into another cell
system for specific genetic trait the
conceptual development of the principle
of genetic engineering the techniques of
genetic engineering include creation of
recombinant DNA use of gene cloning and
gene transfer which helps to isolate and
introduce only one or a set of desirable
genes without introducing undesirable
genes into the target organism when a
piece of DNA is introduced into alien
organism this piece of DNA would not be
able to multiply itself in the progeny
cells of the organism but when it gets
integrated into the genome of the
recipient it may multiply and be
inherited along with the house DNA this
is because the alien piece of DNA has
become the part of the chromosome which
has the ability to replicate the
construction of an artificial
recombinant DNA molecule emerge from the
possibility of linking a gene encoding
antibiotic resistance with the native
plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium
Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer
accomplished this in 1972 by isolating
the antibiotic resistance gene by
cutting out a piece of DNA from a
plasmid which was responsible for
conferring antibiotic resistance the
cutting of DNA at specific locations
became possible with the discovery of
molecular scissors
restriction enzymes the cut piece of DNA
was then linked with plasmid DNA these
plasmid DNA act as vectors to transfer
the piece of DNA attached to it plasmid
is used as vector to deliver an alien
piece of DNA into the host organism the
linking of antibiotic resistance gene
with the plasmid vector became possible
with enzyme DNA ligase which acts on cut
DNA molecules and joins their ends this
makes a new combination of circular
autonomously replicating DNA created in
vitro and is known as recombinant DNA
when DNA is transferred into e coli it
could replicate using the new hosts DNA
polymerase enzyme and make multiple
copies the ability to multiply copies of
antibiotic resistance gene in e.coli was
called cloning of antibiotic resistance
gene in e.coli