Questions - Biotechnology and its Applications Video Lecture - NEET

hello friends this video on bad
applications of biotechnology part 13 is
brought to you by exam feel calm no more
fear from exam so in this we have each
towards the end of this lesson so let us
quickly have a look at the questions
question number 1 crystals of Bt toxin
produced by some bacteria do not kill
the bacteria themselves because no I
hope you guys remember so now inside the
battery light is present in an inactive
form only when it is ingested by an
insect it gets activated due to the
alkaline medium of the gut of the insect
so these are the four options available
to you bacteria are resistant to toxin
no not really
toxin is immature not exactly immature
toxin is in active yes toxin is being
active and if this inactive form of
toxin is known as pro-oxidant this blue
Thompson gets converted into boxing once
it is ingested by them insect so this is
the right option question number two
what are cry proteins name an organism
that produce it how has man exploited
this protein to his benefit so it is
also a question related to the similar
topic so cry proteins are nothing but
those proteins which help in creating
organ which help in the synthesis of the
Bt toxin so these are toxic insecticidal
proteins so they are harmful and
poisonous and they can kill insects so
these are dope this type of proteins
they one such organism which produce it
is bTW that is bacillus thuringiensis
bacteria the man has exploited this to
develop insect resistant transgenic
crops so that's what you saw right so if
you take this gene and put it inside a
plant what happens is that plant also
gets an inbuilt insecticide and that is
how it becomes resistant to insects so
how it works is now there are many crops
which have been
they're loved in this way like the
cotton potato tomato
so this Bt toxin is present as inactive
productions and bacteria so they are not
toxic as long as they're present in
bacteria that's why they do not kill the
bacteria but once they are ingested by
insects they turn into active toxins and
what do they do once they are active
toxin they bind to the digestive tract
and they also break down the digestive
tract so the gut wall breaks down and
the insect die so this is how it can
kill the insects first number three
diagrammatically represents the
experimental steps in cloning and
expressing a human gene say the gene for
brood hormone into a bacterium like
e.coli so let us see how do we do this
so first of all we need a bacteria like
as you saw here we want to express a
human gene so we need to take the gene
of interest so which is our gene of
interest the human gene which is maybe
the gene for growth hormone that is the
gene of our interest but we need to
create the recombinant DNA so for that
we need the plasmid DNA so first we take
a bacterial cell from there we will take
the plasmid DNA so this is the plasmid
DNA and this one is that this piece of
DNA which you see here this is our gene
of interest so this part of the NE
contains stuff this is this has been
extracted from the human gene which is
maybe the gene for growth hormone now
what happens is both of these combined
together to form the recombinant DNA so
this is recombinant DNA now how they
combine with the help of enzyme ligase
which acts as a glue in combining these
two linking these two now what do we do
this recombinant DNA is formed for not
now this recombinant DNA will be
inserted inside the target bacteria for
example in e.coli use the target
bacteria so we will insert this gene in
I'd equal I now what will happen now as
equal I will multiply so more and more
copies of the same gene will get
produced now as a result we are actually
having our gene of interest in all these
bacteria so if this gene of interest is
called growth hormone so a lot of growth
hormone will be produced here if this
gene of interest is for human insulin so
a lot of human insulin will be produced
yet so this is how cloning and
expression of human gene takes place
question number four there is our blood
1/2 proteases and nucleases what are
proteases those enzymes which help in
degrading proteins on which helps in
breakdown of proteins
similarly nucleases are those and
science which help in break down of
nucleic acids now human blood does not
have proteases and nucleases
and we cannot have proteases also
because our blood contains a lot of
proteins so we do not want proteins to
be present in our blood so that all the
proteins aren't being decomposed so we
do not own the proteins to be decomposed
instead we have certain factors in our
blood which helps proteins not to be
there in the blood so that the proteins
which are clear present in blood they
are not broken down or they are not
decomposed so blood proteins need to be
protected from the action of proteases
so we do not have these enzymes in our
blood question number 5
what are transgenic bacteria illustrate
using one example so transgenic means
anything which is genetically modified
is transgenic so bacteria which contain
fallen gene that is intentionally
introduced into it so that is what we
are doing genetic engineering we
intentionally inject a gene of our
choice into the organism so then we
insert that gene into a bacteria then
the bacteria is said to be 2
ethically modified or transgenic
bacteria so example of transgenic
bacteria is Ecola equalized a very
common example of transgenic bacteria so
if you look at if you talk about ecoli
with respect to a genetically engineered
human insulin you see that in equal AI
there is a plasmid
so in that class when there are two DNA
sequences corresponding to a peptide
chain and b peptide chain now what do we
do now the gene which is corresponding
to the a peptide chain and b peptide
chain of insulin they are inserted into
this bacteria and as a result this
bacteria is able to produce in human
insulin so if you see here this is how
insulin looks like human insulin has a
chain and B chain so these are peptide
chains polypeptide chains and this is
the c chain now initially this is
produced in the form of pro insulin and
this pro insulin gets processed to forms
in tuning now during the course of this
processing the c chain gets separated
from the a and b chain so otherwise it
was like this so the c chain gets
separated and a and b remains and this
is the structure of insulin so this
insulin is produced because the human
gene which is responsible for the
production of human insulin that gene is
inserted into equal I bacteria so once
that gene is inside the bacteria what
happens is as equal I multiplies so all
the e.coli which are formed they all
have that particular gene so when they
have that gene then insulin gets
produced so once these genes are
inserted into the bacteria then the
bacteria becomes transgenic so we say
that equal I is a transgenic bacteria so
with this we have reached towards the
end of this lesson and I hope that this
lesson on applications of biotechnology
would have helped you so see you all in
the next lesson thank you please visit
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