Tertiary and Quaternary Activities (Overview) Video Lecture | Geography Class 12 - Humanities/Arts

in this chapter we will read about
tertiary and quarternary activities now
when I say this my direct question is
what is the meaning of the words
tertiary and quaternary tertiary means
third phase so the first phase of any
nation's economy is always primary
activities like agriculture mining
animal husbandry fishing etc and the
second phase is industries like
manufacturing processing and
construction which we call it as
secondary activities and after that we
have tertiary and quaternary is the next
phase after tertiary that is the fourth
phase we usually put tertiary and
quaternary phase together because they
have a lot of similarities and we will
read about them as we go further that's
why this chapter has both the terms
together alright then
that was the introduction part now let's
jump into the book and let's get started
tertiary activities are related to the
service sector what do we mean by that
in primary and secondary activities you
will notice there is a product that is
created and then it goes through a
development phase before going into the
market in tertiary what happens is you
have services rather than a product for
example you go to tuition you pay fees
in return of knowledge hence the
knowledge that you're getting is the
service of that coaching center and that
makes it a tertiary activity
similarly government gives services they
never give you a product I mean there
are few state governments who give TVs
ACS computer cycles etc we are not
counting that there are something else
so government usually gives services
like security infrastructure policies
welfare health etc so the moment you
provide any service you fall in the
tertiary activities or service sector
now when you get a service you want it
to be perfect or up to the mark which
benefits in some way and for that the
service provider or the giver should be
a skilled laborer a professional expert
in so-and-so particular field that you
are looking for so all these qualities
like skilled labor professional
expertise consultant there is a very
important components or you can say
qualities of the tertiary activities
here you can see some of the examples of
tertiary activities which are the work
of a plumber electrician technician
launderer barber shop keeper draw
cashier teacher dr. loyal publisher etc
now let's get to know the types of
tertiary activities I just want you to
remember this chapter is going to go in
depth of this topic so gear up if you
look at this chart it shows the basic
classification of all the tertiary as
well as coronary activities you will see
trade transport communication and
services are some of the well-known
tertiary activities let's understand
each of these subcategories of tertiary
activities
the first one is trade and commerce
trade basically means buying and selling
of items that are produced in totally
different locations and they are usually
intended for profit meaning if you are
selling a product that is the selling
price which is the SP of an item has to
be more than the cost price that is the
CP of that item so this kind of work
takes place in towns and cities and
that's why we call them training centers
trade and commerce is divided into
wholesale trade and retail trade under
wholesale trade the trading centers are
divided into rural and urban marketing
centers and you can figure out the
differences easily rural marketing
center supports the rural side of the
society the rnc that is the rural
marketing centers are quasi urban
centers meaning they are almost like an
urban center but not completely an urban
center some of its characteristic traits
matches with the urban center like in
terms of the functioning end processes
but the professional services are not
well developed one example would be a
vegetable Mundi or market you must have
seen how the vendors sit on the
sidewalks selling vegetables it's quick
cheaper and there is no proper
infrastructure all the care is selling
and finishing the stock and you will
also find these type of monies on
markets functioning once or twice in a
week hence people buy vegetables on
weekly stock basis and then these
markets also move from one place to
another if today they are at place Eh
after two days they will be at Place B
so this is what is rural marketing
center come into the urban marketing
centers they have more widely
specialized urban services because the
urban people have more demands compared
to rural people since UNC the
urban marketing center they serve purely
the urban crowd hence their services has
to be white we are talking about
educational services teachers lawyers
consultants physicians dentists
veterinary doctors etc will find all
these services available in a city but
it's difficult to find them in a rural
area of course these days things are
changing due to various development
schemes but you know what I'm saying so
you can understand the differentiation
between a rural marketing center and the
urban marketing center now let's read
about retail trading services so what is
the meaning of the word retail you must
have heard about retail supermarkets
retail stores etc it means selling goods
to public in small quantities you cannot
buy bulk products because that would
actually mean you will go on to sell it
and create your own business retail
services give limited quantity of
products for use or consumption rather
than reselling so if you look at here
most of the retail trading take place in
a fixed establishment or stores that
means you need to have a store or a
place where you can sell products when
you go for buying clothes you go to a
store right that's a retail store I hope
you're getting the meaning of retail
trading services now the next one is
wholesale trading service always
remember wholesale means bulk where you
have to buy products in bulk you cannot
buy a few units it has to be a fairly
large number of units depending on the
things that you're buying a good example
would be alibaba.com
I don't know if you have heard about
this or not you can go to the website
and check it it's an online wholesale
trading website when you look at any
product in this website next to it you
can see the minimum quantity information
which is usually 100 to 1,000 units
again depending on products so this is a
good example of wholesale trading
service another important aspect about
wholesale trading service is that if you
and I wanted to start a business
tomorrow we can acquire goods from these
wholesale trading centers and keep them
in a personal retail store and then sell
it to the customers directly hence what
I mean is if I were to put it in order
on top we have wholesale traders and
below we have retail traders so this is
the differentiation between wholesale
and
wedding services we now move on to the
next type of tertiary activity that is
transport and communication services we
all know the importance of transport in
a business as well as in our personal
lives modern society requires speedy and
efficient transport system to assist in
the production distribution and
consumption of goods this is so true in
order to feed the growing consumers need
transport is very crucial just think
about it there are so many perishable
good that needs to be delivered to a
certain place on time otherwise there's
a huge loss associated with it so you
see profit and loss is very much
associated with transport hence the
longer the distance the higher the cost
as well as which mode of transportation
you choose also determines the cost
I mean aeroplane is anyday expensive
than train or ship because of its
delivery time so I hope you understand
the cost distance relationship now we
are going to read about factors
affecting transport services so there
are two things affect transportation one
is demand and the other one is roots
suppose if there is no demand at a
particular place you can imagine this
with anything you know keep any product
or service and just imagine if there is
no demand for that product at a
particular place
there will be no sale hence there will
be no supply and if there is no supply
then there is no need for transportation
as simple as that so the larger the
population size the greater is the
demand of transport now coming to routes
it's easy to understand this if there is
no road how will the big trucks trains
and transport mediums going to travel
for delivery I think you can understand
that easily that's why you see most of
the hilly areas of north and
northeastern side of India has very less
train tracks because of rough hilly
terrain and due to that railways is not
developed in those regions so that's the
importance of routes for an effective
transportation now we go to the next
topic communication services the word
communication has to do with words and
messages facts and ideas your phone is
an ideal device for communication your
mind is a perfect organ to create ideas
and your mouth enhance expresses them
elegantly so if you see traditionally
and even now
hands animal boat road rail and air are
used to deliver messages and these are
called lines of communication that means
communication used to be dependent on
transportation but today with the help
of mobile telephone and satellites
communication is independent of
transport meaning you can send a quick
message picture video without any sort
of traditional transport medium now some
of the communication services are radio
television newspaper telephone internet
mass media etc coming to the next
activity under tertiary activity is
services now understand this there are
two recipients or receivers of services
the first one is an individual customer
like you and I we all need services like
teaching services medical services
barber lawyer physician musician etc and
the second receiver is an industry now
industry means a particular sector it's
a broad category which involves
everything like consultancy is a service
which caters to individuals who are
looking for jobs then it also caters to
big companies that need people for doing
their work now there are certain
services which are regulated meaning
controlled or maintained by an authority
like a government or company these
services are making and maintaining
highways bridges guarding national
borders firefighting departments law and
order by police and military land
education health services water and
electricity services then education and
many other services so for all of this
government has separate bodies and
institutions that looks into these
services and the functions these
services are a matter of national
importance in terms of growth revenue
and social well-being so they cannot be
given to anyone that's why government
keeps it to themselves for its better
functioning they very carefully give
these services to private institutions
now we are going to read about informal
non-formal sector this sector of the
economy is also known as grey economy
meaning they are neither taxed nor
monitored by any form of government and
they are also not included in the gross
national product that is the GNP and
gross domestic product that is the GDP
of a country so the workers in this
sector are unskilled and most of them
migrate from rural to urban areas doing
jobs like house key
Bing cooking gardening etc if at all you
have a housekeeper or a cook in your
house and you pay the monthly salary and
if you see they don't pay taxes in
economic term they are basically known
as free writers who ield the benefits of
others who contribute in the tax money
hence this sector of people are called
informal sector or non-formal sector or
unorganized sector let's go to the next
topic people engaged in tertiary
activities as we have read before
tertiary activities are also called
service sectors today most of the
workers are service workers and in
developed countries this percentage is
more much more than developing countries
meaning there are more service workers
in countries like USA UK France Europe
etc and one main reason is due to their
large population of skilled laborers the
more Skills you have usually you will
find them in service sectors and also
with time employment in this sector is
increasing like anything we will now
look at the tourism industry which is a
tertiary activity and let's try to
understand this department so tourism is
a business based on travel and
recreational activities and if you see
because of tourism a lot of other
activities benefit I am talking about
hotel industries transport food and
entertainment industries these all are
directly and indirectly dependent on
tourism now let's look at some tourist
regions the warmer places around the
Mediterranean coast and the west coast
of India are some of the popular tourist
destination in the world and then there
are activities like winter sport
mountaineering trekking sightseeing
cultural landscape all these activities
attract tourists so places that have
these activities going on they benefit a
lot out of tourism now let's look at the
factors affecting tourism first one is
demand now tourism is a leisure time I
think we all can agree on that hence if
people don't have time for leisure or if
there isn't any demand for holidays then
tourism industry is going to suffer
badly I hope you're understanding the
link the second factor is transport when
we say transport we mean transport
facilities like road vehicles etc now
imagine this holidays are limited you
will probably have some days to enjoy
now you don't want to spend those few
days just traveling and trying to reach
your destination for example plane
reduces the time tremendously to reach
anywhere in the world and plane is one
of the mode of transport so you see how
important transport is for tourism now
we will quickly read about tourist
attractions I mean what really attracts
a tourist I think it's fairly simple to
understand I mean you all can relate to
it so let's quickly go through each one
of them in brief the first one is
climate you will love to go to a place
that has a good climate like warm sunny
weather long hours of sunshine and low
rainfall
that's why Mediterranean climate offers
the best location for tourism the second
one is landscape again you would love to
go to a place that has a nice view of
mountains lakes spectacular sea coasts
and landscapes so landscape is something
that attracts interest the third one is
history and art places that has
historical evidence then archeological
sites these places attracts a lot of
tourists and it is usually because
people are curious to know how human
society evolved with time and the fourth
one is culture and economy so it's
always good to know other cultures right
and what can be better if the place is
economically cheap to travel wouldn't
that be nice to experience such a place
so culture and economy of a place
definitely attracts a tourist so these
were the four important points that goes
on in the mind of a traveler now we move
to a different topic called empowered
workers the meaning of empower is to
give power to do something so workers
that are given power or confidence to do
something is what we are going to read
here so today you will find many people
walking the path of an entrepreneur they
say there is a lot of risk in running
your own business you may fail terribly
despite that people are going forward
now that is what the meaning is when we
say empowered workers these workers are
those workers who do work that is much
beyond wealth money security here the
risk is extremely high and reward is
sweet it's purely based on value system
that drives these empowered workers in
doing what they love but this we are
done with tertiary activity
we will now move on to quaternary
activities this is the fourth phase of a
nation's economy if you all remember in
the beginning I said tertiary and
quaternary have a lot of similarities
and that's why this chapter uses both
the terms together now both are part of
service sector but quaternary activities
are those segments which are totally
knowledge oriented have you ever heard
of the storm called kpo that is
knowledge processing outsourcing what
happens here is knowledge and
information related work is carried out
by workers in an organization I'll give
an example of such companies Deloitte de
sha Infosys Genpact Sutherland Global
Services etc these companies generate
product information and conducts
research in order to benefit businesses
so what they do is they do market
research that is what people are looking
for and then create products accordingly
for example Microsoft and Google they
give cloud services two major forms as
per the requirements so it's the job of
kpo to gather and utilize the data for
improving business needs since this kind
of work involves research development so
knowledge and information related to
this kind of work is usually carried out
by highly skilled and specialized
workers so this was all about the
quaternary activities now we move on to
the last part that is quinary activities
so we have covered primary secondary
tertiary quaternary activities and we
also know how we move from left to right
the skills and competence increases
hence it is obvious to understand that
in quinary activities the skills and
competence is going to be of the highest
level we are talking about CEOs managing
directors top level executives of
company government or industry and their
work is purely decision-making we also
call them policy makers because they are
the ones that know which switch needs to
be adjusted to get a required outcome
suppose the company is making profit in
a year the top executives decide whether
they want to expand their business or
not whether to give bonuses or increment
to their employees or whether to hire
more people so this is what quinary
activities is all about the quinary
sector is the top economic sector
I want you to quickly read this
paragraph there isn't much to discuss so
just quickly go through this section
which tells us how medical services are
being outsourced and their impacts and
the last topic of this chapter would be
the digital divide the term digital
means modern technology and in
technology we have both information as
well as communication technology now
technology is unevenly distributed
across the globe for example the kind of
technology USA has it takes quite a lot
of time to come to India and then there
are some countries that will probably
never get those kind of technology any
time in near future it is due to
economic political and social
differences among countries and this is
how countries become developed
developing and underdeveloped this gap
between countries in terms of
technological development is what we
mean as digital divide remember that so
I give you an example between countries
now this kind of digital divide exists
within a country as well you can see
many parts in India are not developed
compared to the big metropolitan cities
there are places where there is no basic
services of electricity and drinking
water forget about having access to
Internet connectivity so this kind of
differences between two places is due to
digital divide and with this we have
come to an end of this chapter the
question answers are available on the
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