Classification Of Industries Video Lecture | Geography for Class 8

in this video we are going to learn
about the classification of industries
so in today's topic I've divided the
industries into four broad categories
they are Agri based industries and then
we have mineral based industries and
then automobile and information
technology so we are going to read about
each one of them and we'll understand
with the various aspects related to it
so with no further ado let's get started
so the first industry is Agri based
industry by the name of this industry we
can easily figure out that this industry
is based on agricultural raw materials
meaning this industry totally depends on
the raw materials produced by the
agricultural sector and the products
comprises mostly consumer goods like
cotton jute silk wool in textiles sugar
and edible oil etc now under Agri based
industries we have textile industry and
sugar industry the textile industry in
India is massive because it occupies
unique position in the Indian economy
now apart from that it is also an
industry that is responsible for massive
employment generation it also
contributes heavily towards the GDP it
is the only industry in the country
which is self-reliant and completes its
value chain that is from raw material to
the highest value-added products which
basically means that there is very
little wastage associated in this
industry now if you look at this picture
you can see the value addition in the
textile industry so if you see how the
chain goes from fiber production to
garment manufacture in between you get
so many variety oryx like raw fiber yarn
fabric garments so there's always some
new product that is being created in the
cycle there's very little wastage
associated in this industry under
textile industry we are going to read
about the cotton textiles we all know
that cotton textiles is a traditional
industry I mean in ancient India cotton
textiles were produced with the help of
hand spinning and hand loom weaving
techniques during the Mughal era
craftsmen of Kashmir had specialization
in producing woollen products and Lingle
became famous for cotton textile
industries then silk weaving was an
important industry in Lahore Agra and
Gujarat so if you look at this picture
about carpet weaving and fine colored
cloths this all proves the fact that
cotton textile is a traditional industry
and then this classic
Chernov Gandhi and his spinning wheel
during the British time emphasises the
point that cotton textile is a
traditional industry and it has been in
India for ages after the 18th century
power looms came into use power looms
the machines that look like this now you
must know that during 18th century
Industrial Revolution came into force
and if you know anything about
Industrial Revolution it came into force
in Europe especially in Britain and with
the help of this revolution machines
changed people's way of life as well as
the methods of manufacture so it was a
necessary change for the world however
the benefits of Industrial Revolution
never reached the countries that were
the colonies of the Britain and because
of that our traditional industries
suffered a setback during the colonial
period because they could not compete
with the mill made cloth from England
today there are nearly sixteen hundred
cotton and human made fiber textile
mills in the country have a look at this
map that shows the distribution of
cotton woolen and Silke industries
across the country about 80 percent of
these are in the private sector and the
rest in the public and cooperative
sector initially the cotton textile
industry was concentrated in the cotton
growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat
and the reason was simple due to the
availability of raw material market
transport port facilities labour moist
climate all these reasons were good
enough for the growth of cotton textile
industry so cotton textile industry is
very much dependent of the agricultural
sector which is the primary activity and
in the country like India majority of
population is engaged directly or
indirectly in primary activities
therefore cotton industry provide
big-time employment to farmers who grow
cotton then to workers who work on the
processing part of the cotton while
cotton industry is dependent on
agricultural sector similarly other
sectors like chemical and industrial
sectors are dependent on cotton
industries for dye colours machinery
packaging materials etc the textile
industry in India exports its products
to countries like Japan USA UK Russia
France East European countries Nepal
Singapore Sri Lanka and African
countries and if you remember this
picture that is
value addition in the textile industry
all the byproducts such as raw fiber
yarn fabric garments these are exported
to countries based on requirements so it
is not just one product that is being
exported but many such byproducts are
being exported today some of the
problems that are being faced by this
industry are low output of Labor
meaning the productivity of labour is
very low in this industry the clothing
sector needs the support of high-quality
and cost-effective cloth processing
facilities modernization of mills is a
must people in India are still using
traditional techniques which is slowing
down the output potential another
problem is that the cotton textile
industry is facing a stiff competition
from synthetic fiber industry synthetic
fiber are man-made fiber and it is
easier and much faster to produce
therefore it has an edge in feeding the
growing demand of the market the textile
industry has always been affected by
continuous power supply large industries
have power back up but the micro
industries find installing power
generating units very expensive a lot of
it is due to poor government policies I
mean facilities like water power and
Road is given in terms of
infrastructural facilities but other
factors like import-export policies
sudden change in Customs and Excise
affects the industry tremendously and
that brings down the profit margin which
again forms the reason behind the
development it's like a vicious cycle I
hope you're understanding it so this was
all about the cotton textile industry in
India and the next industry under agro
based industry is jute textiles India is
the second largest producer of fruit and
jute goods right after Bangladesh
because jute is a vital sector from
economical agricultural industrial and
commercial point of view in Bangladesh
once upon a time jute was also called
the golden fiber of Bangladesh so for a
country like Bangladesh it is very
important and right after that we are
the ones because jute is the second most
important fiber after cotton so all the
things that you see around us like
curtains chair coverings carpets area
rugs then cloth these all are woven out
of fibers that is jute therefore jute
industry is very important for India
now in India most of these industries
are located in West Bengal mainly along
the banks of river Hooghly so this is
where the Hooghly River flows so River
Hooghly is one of the tributaries of
river Ganga which flows into the Bay of
Bengal so it is on the banks of this
river the entire jute industry of India
is located now the factors that are
responsible for the location in the
Hooghly basin are number one that is
inexpensive water transport supported by
a good network of Railways roadways and
waterways to facilitate movement of raw
materials to the mills so if you look at
this region on the map a lot of inland
waterways can be found so water
transport is affordable and the second
factor is abundant water for processing
raw jute so water supply here is not
scarce and large quantity of water is
required not only for growing the jute
crop but also for processing the fiber
into a final product the third factor is
availability of cheap labor from West
Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar
Orissa ánotá Pradesh is a plus point
towards the development of this industry
these states provide skilled
semi-skilled and unskilled labor at an
inexpensive cost and the fourth factor
is Kolkata is a large urban center
providing banking insurance and port
facilities for export of jute goods of
course needless to say the city of
Kolkata is the urban hub for any modern
infrastructure of support that is
required for the development of jute
industries some of the problems faced by
this industry are stiff competition in
the international market from synthetic
substitutes and from other competitors
like Bangladesh Brazil Philippines Egypt
and Thailand as I said it's easier and
cheaper to produce synthetic or man-made
fiber the government has provided some
support to this industry by rolling out
a policy which says mandatory use of the
jute packaging if you look at these
gunny bags they are made up of jute and
it has been used for packaging almost
everything from food products to other
commercial things to increase the demand
the government launched national jute
policy in 2005 with the objective of
increasing productivity improving
quality ensuring good prices to the
farmers and enhancing the yield per
hectare and always remember the
packaging materials that are made up of
jute is environmental friendly meaning
they are biodegradable materials
keeping in mind about growing global
environmental concern jute products have
gained significant popularity jute from
India is exported to countries like USA
Canada Russia Egypt Iraq UK and
Australia so this was all about the jute
industry of India the third industry
under agro based industry is sugar
industry India stands second as a world
producer of sugar but occupies the 1st
place in the production of good and can
Sri now sugar largely contains sucrose
during commercial transport of sugar
this sucrose content reduces that is
what sugar mills are located near sugar
growing areas and in India these areas
are spread over the regions of otha
Pradesh Bihar Maharashtra Karnataka
Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Punjab
Haryana and Mata Pradesh 60% sugar mills
in India are located in Uttar Pradesh
and Bihar this industry is seasonal in
nature so it is ideally suited to the
co-operative sector cooperative sector
is an association where people
voluntarily meet up for common economic
social and cultural needs basically its
mutual understanding between people to
do business together and sugar industry
is largely dependent on this kind of
mutual understanding so what happens is
the farmers and the owners of the sugar
cane mill work together with each other
to benefit one another so that there is
no middlemen to exploit farmers and they
can sell their produces directly this
kind of understanding helps in
stabilizing price of the sugar industry
in recent times the sugar industry is
shifting the concentration from the
states that are mentioned to regions of
southern and western states especially
Maharashtra the reason is simple here
the sugar has higher sucrose content
here the climate is also very suitable
in crushing the sugar content for a
better output plus the cooperative way
of business is more successful in these
states compared to the states of Bihar
and yupi the challenges that this
industry faces are
it's seasonal nature of doing business
then old and inefficient methods of
production are still in practice there
isn't any use of high-tech machinery due
to transportation delay in reaching cane
to factories as we have read this
reduces the sucrose content that
determines the quality of sugar and
finally the waste product during sugar
extraction need to be maximized they are
called baggies they look like this
sugar cane bag is can be reused to make
paper crafts ceramics pressed building
boats etc so this was all about the
sugar industry of India now moving on
from agro based industries to mineral
based industries these are industries
that use minerals and metals as raw
materials that's why they are called
mineral based industries under this we
have the first industry that is the iron
and steel industry the iron and steel
industry is the basic industry since all
the other industries heavy medium and
light depends on it
for the machinery steel is needed to
manufacture a variety of engineering
Goods construction material defense
medical telephonic scientific equipments
and variety of consumer goods iron and
steel is heavy industry because all the
raw materials as well as finished goods
are heavy to make a steel harder iron
all coking coal and limestone are
required in the ratio of approximately
force to twist 1 along with some
quantities of manganese today with
ninety one point four six million tons
of total finished steel products and
nine point seven million tons of raw pig
iron India ranks third after Japan and
China here is the process of
manufacturing of Steel it all starts
with the transportation of raw material
to the plant from there the material is
poured into blast furnace and then pig
iron is obtained from there steel is
made and then it is given a shape so
just quickly have a look at it now
here's the map of iron and steel plants
in India if you see presently there are
13 major steel plants and many mini
steel plants in India
so again just quickly have a look at it
now the chota nagpur plateau region has
the maximum concentration of iron and
steel industries that's why you will
find many
the iron and steel industries here along
with cheap labor this region is the hub
of this industry all public sector
undertakings market their Steel through
steel authority of india which is called
sale while disco markets has produced
through tata steel the problem that this
industry faces is high costs and limited
availability of coking coal which is an
essential element in the production of
steel and the second problem is very low
productivity of labour after that we
also face a regular supply of energy and
then poor infrastructure now
liberalisation and foreign direct
investments have given a boost to the
industry with the efforts of private
entrepreneurs because now with the help
of private players the capacity of
production of the existing plans are
increased then Indian manufacturing
units will be integrated with larger
global economy it also increases the
labor productivity and technology so
these are some of the benefits this
industry gains from liberalisation and
foreign direct investments this is all
about the iron and steel industry of
India now let's read about the aluminum
industry it is commonly referred to as
aluminium smelting because aluminium
smelting is the process of extracting
aluminium from its oxide alumina it
requires a lot of heating and melting
process aluminium smelting is the second
most important metallurgical industry in
India and the reason is because aluminum
is light it has high resistant to
corrosion it is a good conductor of heat
then it is malleable and becomes strong
when it is mixed with other metals so
these are some of the characteristics of
aluminium because of its good
characteristic features aluminium is
used in the manufacture of aircrafts
utensils and wires it has gained
popularity as a substitute of steel
copper zinc and lead in a number of
industries in India there are eight
aluminium smelting plants located in the
states of Odisha West Bengal Kerala the
Pradesh Chhattisgarh Maharashtra and
Tamil Nadu aluminium is extracted from
bauxite it is a dark reddish colored
rock
if you look at this picture first the
raw material that is bauxite is shipped
to the plant after that it is mixed with
alumina or aluminium oxide the bauxite
is crushed and the alumina is dissolved
out in a molten form then with the help
of electrolysis that is with the help of
electricity aluminium oxide is converted
into aluminium so this is the entire
manufacturing process of aluminium
industry regular supply of electricity
and in a short source of raw material at
minimum cost are the two prime factors
for location of this industry
just remember this so this was all about
the aluminium industry of India now
let's read about the chemical industry
the chemical industry in India is fast
growing and diversifying the reason I
say that is because basic chemicals
undergo processing to further produce
other chemicals that are used for
industrial application agriculture or
directly for consumer markets for
example rubber uses a chemical called
dimethyl amine then plastic products use
polyvinyl chloride then textiles use
acetic acid for dyes
so you see chemical industry in India is
diverse and huge today the Indian
chemical industry is a critical part of
the Indian economy the industry
contributes approximately 6% of the
country's total GDP today India is the
third largest producer of chemicals in
Asia and occupies the sixth place in the
world as we know chemistry is divided
into organic and inorganic chemistry so
the organic chemicals are those
chemicals that have at least one carbon
atom as its base petrochemicals polymers
soap detergents are fine example of an
organic chemical petrochemicals such as
ethylene that is c2h4 polymers like PVC
polyvinyl chloride you see there is
carbon atoms involved now in organic
chemicals are those chemical that have
compounds other than carbon like acid
bases salts etc so HCl h2 so4 NaCl NaOH
etc they don't have any carbon atom I
hope you understood the differentiation
have a look at this Indian chemical
sector
classification you see how the chemical
industry is divided across sectors
currently the inorganic chemical
industry is widely spread in a country
many industries like fertilizers
synthetic fibers plastic adhesives
paints dyes glass soaps and detergents
and caustic soda they are dependent on
inorganic chemical industry this was the
chemical industry of India now we will
move on to the fertilizer industry India
is an agrarian country and agriculture
depends a lot on fertilizers farmers
turned to fertilizers because these
substances contain plant nutrients such
as nitrogen phosphorus and potassium
fertilizers are simply planned nutrients
applied to agricultural fields to
supplement required elements found
naturally in the soil fertilizers have
been used since the start of Agriculture
so now you see the importance of
fertilizer industry in India so the
entire fertilizer industry is based
around the production of nitrogen
phosphate and potash these are like the
important essential ingredients required
to have a good fertilizer that would
benefit agriculture now potash is
entirely imported as India does not have
any reserves of commercially usable
potash or potassium compounds in any
form so we totally depend on foreign
market for / - but on the other hand we
produce a lot of nitrogenous fertilisers
India is the third largest producer of
nitrogenous fertilisers fertilizer
industry in India is spread in the
regions of Gujarat Tamil Nadu Uttar
Pradesh Punjab Kerala and the Pradesh
Odisha Rajasthan Bihar Maharashtra Assam
West Bengal Goa Delhi multiple desh and
cannot occur so this was all about the
fertilizer industry in India now we will
read about the last industry under
Mindel based section which is a cement
industry cement is essential for
construction activities such as building
houses factories bridges roads airports
dance and for other commercial
establishments this industry requires
bulky and heavy raw materials like
limestone silica
alumina and gypsum the cement industry
in India is located very strategically
you can have a look at the names with
their respective locations pause the
video and have a look at it
the first cement plant was set up in
Chennai in 1904 after independence the
industry expanded India exports
readily-available cements to the markets
in East Asia Middle East Africa and
South Asia this industry is doing well
in terms of production as well as export
with this we are done with the mineral
based industries now we are going to
read about the automobile industry
automobiles provide vehicle for quick
transport of goods services and
passengers India manufactures trucks
buses cars motorcycles scooters three
wheelers and multi utility vehicles at
various centers the demand for passenger
cars two and three wheelers increased
after liberalisation that is after 1991
that's when the Indian market opened up
to the foreign markets for conducting
businesses since then this industry has
boosted like anything that's why we see
so many vehicles on the road cities are
getting congested there is no space on
the road to drive freely foreign direct
investment which is FDI brought in new
technology and allowing the industry
with global development now we can see
many foreign car brands like Audi
Mitsubishi Bentley BMW Mercedes all have
their sales center in India and that's
happening because of FDI automobile
industry in India is located around
Delhi Gurgaon Mumbai Pune Chennai
Kolkata Lucknow Indore Hyderabad
Jamshedpur and Bangalore this was about
the automobile industry in India and the
last industry that we will read about in
this video is about information
technology an electronics industry which
is commonly known as IT industry the
electronics industry covers a wide range
of products and equipments required by
the telecommunication industry important
centers for electronic goods are Mumbai
Bangalore Delhi Hyderabad Unni
Chennai Kolkata Lucknow and Coimbatore
Bangalore has emerged as the electronic
capital of
India in India we have technology parks
that provide high data communication
facility a major impact of this industry
has been on employment you see IT
industry is the reason behind the boost
of the services sector of the Indian
economy this industry has been a major
foreign exchange earner you see
companies like Amazon Google IBM
Accenture Dell Deloitte Facebook all has
their offices in India giving employment
to Indian people that definitely brings
in a lot of foreign money in the IT
sector business processes outsourcing
sector commonly referred to as BPO is a
major reason behind the success of the
Indian IT industry because most of these
foreign companies are outsourcing their
projects to India the word outsourced
means giving it out on contract needless
to say the continuing growth in the
hardware and software is the key to the
success of IT industry in India this was
all about the information technology and
electronics industry with this we have
also come to an end of this video in
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