Biology Improvement in Food Resources - part 2 Video Lecture - Class 9

hello friends this video on improvement
in food resources part three is brought
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exam talk about crop variety improvement
so what do we actually do to improve the
variety of the crop and why at all do we
need to improve the crop variety so what
does crop variety improvement it is
basically improving or finding a variety
of crock that gives better yield now
whenever we talk of whenever we think of
any crop that and suppose you think of
beet you think of maize
you think of any vegetable so you think
of any crop the particular crop will
have a lot of variety so what do you
mean by variety for example when you go
to buy rice in a shop what happens there
are so many varieties of rice which are
available right so you will have so many
different names for each variety of rice
they have different prices they have
different characteristics right so there
are so for each and every crop you have
a lot of varieties which are available
so now in this crop variety improvement
watch what we actually do this we try to
implement a technique by which we try to
find out the variety which gives the
better yield so we try to either we try
to improve the variety of a particular
crop or we try to find a variety of a
crop that can give a better yield and we
make use of that particular variety of
crop so we'll use that improved variety
so we will get better results it is
something like that right so now we will
no way to talk about the technique which
is actually implemented in order to
improve the variety so before that let
us see why do we actually do this crop
variety improvement why do we need to
improve the crop variety that's because
to get better yield that is the first
and foremost requirement that means what
do we mean by better yield that means
the productivity per acre would increase
so the productivity would increase with
a better variety of crop improved
quality again since you are actually
improve
the variety of that crop so you are also
ensuring that it is of better quality
now each crop will have its own quality
as I mentioned before for example when
we talk of the pulses so the pulses are
rich in protein so that means the more
protein they have the better the quality
is similarly if I talk of wheat or if I
talk of any other cereals so they are
good source of carbohydrates similarly
when I talk of the oil seeds they should
have good oil quality because they are
rich and oil when I talk of the talk of
fruits or vegetables they they should
have the preserving quality that means
we should be able to preserve them for a
longer time because it is not that that
they the day the fruits or vegetables
are grown the same day you are consuming
it right so it has to be preserved for a
longer period of time so these are some
of the qualities which are desired in
each of the crops so when we actually
improve the crop variety or when we
actually try to find out a variety which
is the best we we thank you give
attention to these factors that it
should give better yield it should be of
improved quality that means if I am
trying to find out a good quality pulse
and we will make sure that it should
have good amount of protein so it should
be enriched with more protein so we will
see that the better the quality enhanced
biotic and abiotic resistance so what do
we mean by biotic and abiotic resistance
now for every crop there is a danger
that it might be attacked by some
external energy agents so those external
agents are categorized into two types
one is biotic one is a bio bio biotech
is derived from little bio and bio is
something related to life so biotech
causes would increase would include the
living causes like diseases in which are
caused by the microorganisms insects and
nematodes so these are all living
organisms whether it is microorganisms
like bacteria fungi viruses or it is
some insect or or it eita the new method
so nematodes are also small insect like
organisms so these are some of the
organisms which can actually
the harm crops which can actually they
can eat up the leaves of the plants they
can cause many other kinds of damage to
the plants so these are the biota causes
which can be a hindrance to the to a
better yield similarly we have a biotic
causes that means causes which are not
living for example drought salinity
water logging heat cold and frost that
means if when you have when the days are
too sunny during summers what happens
the plants start drying up you would
have observed these in your garden also
right so when it is too much of heat too
much of summer your plants start drying
up
right it similarly when it is too much
of cold again the plants will not be
that good or too much of rain or maybe
if you put too much of water in a pot I
mean more much more than needed so that
water knocking or the collection of
water at one place that also harms the
plant so these are some of the things
some of them a biota causes which can
harm a crop yield so therefore we when
we look for crop variety improvement why
do we want the crop variety to be
improved so that we can select a variety
which has enhanced biotic and abiotic
resistance that means it can resist or
it can fight with the biota causes as
well as the abiotic causes so these kind
of varieties will give better results
because they will not be harmed easily
by diseases insects or too much of water
or too much of Ito holding correct okay
lesser maturity duration so what does
maturity duration what do we mean by
maturity duration so it is the time from
sowing to harvest you know sowing when
you actually sow seeds of a plant so you
are just putting the seeds of the plant
right so that is the starting phase of a
plant now the plant seed will set do you
give rise to a small plant then you will
give it all required nutrients and the
with start cream so when you actually
when it is the harvest time it is
actually the time to get the crops from
the field so this entire time is known
as maturity duration that means the time
from sewing that is the initial time
till harvest when you actually cut crops
so we can look for a variety when we are
actually improving the variety so we can
actually look for a variety which has
lesser maturity duration that means this
time period will be less so what are the
advantages if this time period is less
if this time period is less what will
happen you will grow one round of crops
in a lesser time so you have more extra
time laughs so you can grow another
round of crops for example you like I
suppose you planted something some
vegetable say you planted koala flag
then your field right so let us suppose
the time which it normally takes for the
cauliflower later suppose from sowing to
harvest it is just an example right it
is it is not a realistic data and just
give you an example let's suppose the
time it takes is one month right now if
we have an option that we can improve
the crop variety by some technique so
what we can do we will think that okay
let us try to improve the variety of
this koala flower in such a way that it
takes lesser time so we can reduce that
one month to fifteen days so if it is
reduced to fifteen days that means that
you got those other fifteen days for
free so in those 15 days you can grow
another round of cauliflower so that
means if earlier you just grown it once
now you grown it twice so your output
has increased by two times right so if
the maturity duration is less that would
mean that you can grow more rounds of
crops on the same field so your output
will be more wider adaptability what do
you mean by what your adaptability that
means if we are able to develop
varieties of crops that are more
adaptable adaptable means they can
adjust to different types of environment
so what are the advantages of that in
that case one variety can be grown under
different climatic
in different areas now let's suppose if
I if we created a variety which is which
have got a very wide adaptability that
means it can adjust itself in cold
weather as well as it can adjust itself
to hot weather so what is the advantage
of that so that Vantage is that you can
grow that crop in summer season as well
as you can grow that crop in winter
season so you can grow it in both the
seasons correct so your output increased
similarly you can grow it in an area
where it is cold throughout the year you
can also grow it in an area where it is
hot throughout the year so again your
productivity increased so the crop is
increased right so if we are able to
find developed varieties which have
wider adaptability
so our crop yield will increase so these
are some of the reasons which actually
encouraged us to go for crop variety
improvement desired agronomic
characteristics what is agronomy
agronomy is nothing but the science
which deals with the plants that
different characteristics of a plant so
that is agronomy so desired agronomic
characteristics now different plants
have different characteristics depending
upon its behavior let us suppose if we
think of serious if you think of wheat
or rice if you go to a wheat field or a
rice field you would see that the height
of the crops are not very high they are
not tall trees a lot they have smaller
height so why do we want the height for
the cereals to be smaller we want the
height to be we prefer the height to be
less because less of the height lessens
is the consumption of nutrient like for
example if there is a small boy who is 8
years old and there is another man who
is maybe 28 years old who will consume
more food the one who's 28 year old
because he has got more body weight he
has got more hunger than a boy fetus so
similarly if the height of the cereals
are less there is an advantage that it
will need less nutrients right so the
consumption of nutrient
a hole is reduced so this this was just
an example similarly for many plants we
want that this light should be more or
many other characteristics are also
there in the plant right so we can have
our desired characteristics in a plant
by improving the variety of the plant
right so I think I have listed down
enough reasons which actually encouraged
us to go for crop variety improvement so
now you understand why we go for crop
variety improvement so that we can
improve the variety to such an extent
that it can be of better quality it can
give better yield it has enhanced
biotech antibiotic resistance it has
lesser maturity duration wider
adaptability and desired characteristics
thank you
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